What is anther in a flower?
To define anther, it is crucial to understand the reproductive parts of the flower. The female reproductive part of a flower is the pistil, composed of stigma, style and ovary. And the male reproductive part of the flower is called the stamen. The anther is the part of a flower’s male reproductive system stamen.
Where is the stamen attached to the anther?
The filament holding the anther is attached to the petal, and the nature of the stamen solely depends on the type of the plants and flowers.
What is anther anther and filament?
Anther of a flower and filament are the two parts of the stamen that surround the pistil. Anther meaning and role can be particularly understood better when you look at the diagram below that suggests the location of the anther.
What are the parts of a sunflower stem?
The sunflower stem is the next important part of the plant. The first being the roots. The stem is divided into two main parts called nodes and internodes. The nodes are where the leaves and buds develop from, and the internodes are the distance between each node, where nothing grows.
Does a sunflower have an anther?
The dark center is made up of disk flowers that have five brown petals fused together into a tubular shape. The male, stamen, and female, stigma, are both present in disk flowers. The stamen is composed of filament and pollen-producing anthers.
Where is the anther of a flower located?
stamensAnthers are the main reproductive part of the flower which is responsible for dispersal of male gametes. It is also called a pollen containing unit. It is found in the stamens of angiosperms. It is supported by a filament or stalk which is a thread like structure.
What is the anther of sun flower?
(The anther is the pollen producing part of the sunflower). Understanding the different stages of development is important. It is the farmer's responsibility to monitor his fields throughout the growing season to ensure that every plant is given the opportunity to develop to its full potential.
What are the parts of a sunflower?
Page 1Roots: Roots support the plant and help secure. ... Stem: The stem supports the plant and the leaves and transports water and nutrients from the roots around the plant. ... Leaves: ... Petal /flower: ... Seed: Plants begin as a seed.
Which part is the anther?
stamenAnther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced. Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma.
What is the function of anther?
The anther is the male reproductive organ in seed plants. Its main function is to produce and disperse pollen.
How many anthers does a sunflower have?
Answer and Explanation: There are 5 stamens to every disk flower of a sunflower. As a composite flower, the sunflower is composed of ray flowers or florets that have bright yellow petals that could number between 13 and 30 individual flowers.
What does a anther look like?
The yellow, pouch-like part inside of the flower that holds pollen grains. It is usually on top of a long stalk that looks like a fine hair.
Do sunflowers have both male and female parts?
All members of the family produce one or more heads (capitulum, the term used in technical keys) of flowers. This and other sunflowers have two different types of flowers, ray flowers and disk flowers and in turn, these can have male and female parts, or either one or the other.
What is the inside part of a sunflower called?
In the common sunflower, the outer yellow petals are called ray flowers, and the center is composed of numerous disk flowers crowded together.
What is the middle of a sunflower seed called?
Botanically speaking, it is a cypsela. When dehulled, the edible remainder is called the sunflower kernel or heart.
Do sunflowers have a stamen and pistil?
Sunflower ray florets are missing both stamen and pistil, making them sterile. Sunflower disc florets are perfect flowers and create fruit when fertilized.
Where is anther located and what is its function in flower?
The anther is located on top of the stamen, the male reproductive part. The anther is a key part of the reproductive process of a flower. This is because it produces and houses pollen grains. Pollen grains are the male sex cells for the flower.
Where is stigma located in flower?
The stigma is located in the gynoecium of the flower. Its main function is to attract the pollen grains from the air with its sticky tip for reproduction to take place.
Where is the stigma located?
pistilThe top of the pistil is called the stigma, which is a sticky surface receptive to pollen. The bottom of the pistil contains the ovary and the narrowed region in between is called the style.
Is the anther of a flower male or female?
The male parts are called stamens and usually surround the pistil. The stamen is made up of two parts: the anther and filament. The anther produces pollen (male reproductive cells).
1. Is the Anther of a Flower Male or Female?
The anther of a flower is a part of the male reproductive system stamen. It is held above by the long tube called the filament. The anther of a flo...
2. What is the Main Role of the Anther?
Anthers are male reproductive organs of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms). Their main role is to produce and protect the developing male...
3. What is the Filament in a Flower?
The filament is a slender stalk-like structure attached to the anther of a flowering plant. It emerges from the thalamus or the peduncle. It is a p...
4. Does Filament Have Any Role in the Reproduction of Flowering Plants?
Yes, filaments are stalk-like structures that keep the anthers or the pollen-producing parts attached to the male flower. Therefore they indirectly...
5. What is pollen?
Pollen is formed in the male reproductive structure in a male flower of the flowering plant. These develop and store the male gametophyte, called t...
What is the difference between anther and stigma?
Anther and stigma are the male and female reproductive parts of a flower respectively. The anther is part of the male reproductive system, androecium in a flower. The stigma is part of the female reproductive system, gynoecium in a flower.
What is the stamen of androecium?
The anther and filament together form the stamen the individual part of androecium.
How do stamens work?
As understood from the above diagram, stamens are separated but all connected and collectively the stamens are called androecium. A filament of the stamen very diligently holds the anther on top and facilitates its functions. The filament holding the anther is attached to the petal, and the nature of the stamen solely depends on the type of the plants and flowers. The plants that reproduce through self-pollination which is via the transfer of the pollen from the anther to the stigma of the pistil to reach the ovary of the same flower of the same plant has the stamen bent towards the pistil. In the case of plant reproduction via cross-pollination that is the stigma receives the pollen from flowers of other plants via various means like insects and wind the stamen is usually bent away from the pistil.
What is the anther of a flower?
Ans. The anther of a flower is a part of the male reproductive system stamen. It is held above by the long tube called the filament. The anther of a flower is grainy as it produces and bears the pollen grains. The pollen grains transfer to the stigma of the flower to reach the ovary and fertilizes for reproduction to start. The anther that produces pollen in a way acts like the sperm so can be considered a part of the male anatomical reproductive system of a flower.
What is the tube that holds the stigma?
The stigma lies on the top and is held by a tube called the style that connects to the ovary. The anther and filament together form the stamen the individual part of androecium.
How many lobes does the anther have?
The anther which is the fertile part of the stamen usually has two lobes or thecas connected by a connective. Each lobe contains two pollen chambers longitudinally placed. Each chamber filled with pollen or pollen grains is also called microspores and hence these chambers are also called microsporangium.
Why is stigma sticky?
The stigma is sticky since its function is to receive, retain and facilitate the movement of pollen for germination.
How long does it take for a sunflower to reproduce?
In sunflower breeding, it takes six to eight years to obtain inbred lines that are homozygous. Dihaploid production enables production of completely homozygous material for less than a year thus accelerating breeding process. The aim of our research was to select optimal medium for induction of shoot regeneration from cultivated sunflower anthers. Anthers of 74 cultivated sunflower genotypes in BC 2 generation of back-crossing were surface sterilized and placed on four different, MS-medium based solid regeneration media. The appearance of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis was observed and obtained data statistically analyzed. The experiment was set as completely randomised, with two factors. Callus, somatic embryo, shoot and root regeneration on the anthers of the tested genotypes was observed. Data were analysed by ANOVA and REML. Statistical analysis enabled us to determine optimal medium for anther culture and shoot regeneration induction. Shoot regeneration (up to 9.39%) was observed in 48.65% tested genotypes. Variation of media composition proved to be essential for efficient sunflower anther culture. The use of appropriate statistical analysis was found to be of the great importance in setting anther culture experiments and optimization of the culture protocols. The obtained results will contribute to the better understanding of the conditions needed for haploid production in sunflower and its introduction in sunflower breeding programs. INTRODUCTION For commercial hybrid production, homozygous lines are of great importance. Anther and microspore cultures allow acceleration of breeding programmes by providing homozygous doubled haploids within a comparatively short time. Anther culture in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) still needs considerable improvement, as sunflower proved to be very recalcitrant in anther culture (Mezzarobba and Jonard, 1986) and the regeneration rates are very low. As in other species, anther culture response of sunflower is strongly affected by physical, nutritional, physiological and genetic factors (Gurel et al., 1991). That is why it is necessary to test a number of different culture parameters for the successful regeneration of shoots -at least for a number of sunflower lines and interspecific hybrids, as androgenic capacity in sunflower is found to be genotype dependant (Marinkovic et al., 2003). Regarding medium composition, different authors varied composition mostly of MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) in order to enhance the frequency of anther callusing and/or somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration. Different compositions of media used for establishing anther culture were extensively reviewed by Friedt et al. (1997), and variation of other culture parameters by Nichterlein and Horn (2005). The aim of our research was to select optimal medium for induction of shoot regeneration from cultivated sunflower anthers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anthers of 74 cultivated sunflower genotypes in BC 2 generation of back-crossing were surface sterilized and placed on four different, MS-medium based solid regeneration media. Media were supplemented with basic MS macro and micro salts, 0.3% gelrite, pH 5.7, while composition of hormones varied (Vasic et al., 2000). Anthers were cultured in the dark at 30 o C.
How many species of sunflowers are there?
Sunflower (2n = 17) belongs to the genus Helianthus (Asteraceae) which consists of 52 species and 19 subspecies with 14 annual and 38 perennial species. Wild Helianthus species display large morphological variations and have valuable genes for several traits including high seed and oil yield, oil quality, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. It is easier to cross the annual species than the perennial ones because perennial species are much more diverse and their genomes display different ploidy levels. The difficulty of crossing in wild perennial Helianthus species can be overcome by the novel molecular breeding techniques which have made these species available for breeding purposes and alien gene transfer into cultivated background. The beneficial genes from wild species have broadened the genetic base of cultivated sunflower providing valuable sources for many agronomic traits. Consequently, significant progress has been made in transferring resistance to new races of downy mildew, rust, broomrape, and other diseases such as Phoma, Phomopsis and Sclerotinia. Sources for cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration genes have been identified besides new genes for improving oil quality, herbicide resistance, and salt tolerance. However, only a small portion of the available genetic diversity of the wild Helianthus species has been utilized until now, and therefore quest for search of more alien genes is likely to continue in sunflower. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights are reserved.
