What is the history of Pompey?
Pompey is a large part of Onondaga County, consisting of 66.5 square miles. It is the highest inhabited spot in the county. Pompey offers quiet solitude and spaciousness, natural beauty, and a rich historical heritage. We celebrated our 200th anniversary in 1994!
Where is Pompey NY?
Pompey is a large part of Onondaga County, consisting of 66.5 square miles. It is the highest inhabited spot in the county. Pompey offers quiet solitude and spaciousness, natural beauty, and a rich historical heritage.
Where did Pompey fight in the Civil War?
Pompey fought Marius' men in Sicily and Africa. For his bravery in battle, he was given the title Pompey the Great ( Pompeius Magnus ). Civil war continued in Rome when Quintus Sertorius, one of the Populares, launched an attack against the Sullans in the Western Roman Empire.
What political party did Pompey belong to?
In 60 BC, Pompey joined Crassus and Caesar in the military-political alliance known as the First Triumvirate. Pompey married Caesar's daughter, Julia, which helped secure this partnership. After the deaths of Crassus and Julia, Pompey became an ardent supporter of the political faction the optimates — a conservative faction of the Roman Senate.
Who was the real Pompey?
Pompey the Great, Latin in full Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, (born September 29, 106 bce, Rome—died September 28, 48 bce, Pelusium, Egypt), one of the great statesmen and generals of the late Roman Republic, a triumvir (61–54 bce) who was an associate and later an opponent of Julius Caesar.
Is it Pompeii or Pompey?
Pompeii (/pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/, Latin: [pɔmˈpei̯.iː]) was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy.
What was Pompey the Great known for?
Pompey the Great (September 29, 106 BCE–September 28, 48 BCE) was one of the main Roman military leaders and statesmen during the final decades of the Roman Republic. He made a political alliance with Julius Caesar, married his daughter, and then fought against him for control of the empire.
Where did Pompey the Great live?
MarchePompey / Places lived
Was Pompeii in Rome?
Where was Pompeii located? The ancient Roman city of Pompeii was located in what is now the Campania region of Italy, southeast of Naples.
Why is Portsmouth called Pompey?
Portsmouth has been a port ever since Roman times, the Romans having a military base at nearby Portchester Castle. Later when the port started to be developed locals nicknamed it Pompey, likening it to Pompeii which was well known for its Roman ruins.
Why did Julius Caesar fight Pompey?
One of the reasons given as to why Caesar decided to go to war was that he would be prosecuted for legal irregularities during his consulship in 59 BC and violations of various laws passed by Pompey in the late 50s, the consequence of which would be ignominious exile.
Who ruled Pompeii?
Pompeii Ancient Roman city in se Italy, buried by a pyroclastic volcanic eruption in ad 79. Pompeii was founded in the 8th century bc, and ruled by Greeks, Etruscans and others before conquered by Rome in 89 bc.
How did Caesar react to Pompey's death?
[48.2] Caesar arrived at Alexandria just after Pompey's death. When Theodotus came to him with Pompey's head, Caesar refused to look at him, but he took Pompey's signet ring and shed tears as he did so.
Why did Pompey go to Egypt?
After opposing Julius Caesar during a civil war, Pompey fled to Egypt seeking Ptolemy's aid against Caesar. Ptolemy sent a small ship to meet Pompey, as if he wanted to greet him with respect, though he had deceitfully instructed his servants to kill him.
When did Pompey go to Spain?
In 77 BCE Pompey was sent pro consule in order to assist in the struggle against Sertorius in Spain. Sertorius was an opponent of Sulla who had been active in that area since c. 83 BCE. Pompey returned from there in 71 BCE, wiping out the scattered bands of slaves who had fought under the now defeated Spartacus.
Where did Caesar defeat Pompey?
The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey....Battle of Pharsalus.Date9 August 48 BCResultCaesarian victory1 more row
How did Pompey the Great earn his nickname?
Pompey the Great earned the nickname Magnus (“Great”) during Sulla’s second civil war. Although his father had fought for Sulla’s enemy Gaius Mariu...
Were Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar allies?
In 59 BCE Pompey the Great entered a political alliance with Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Pompey married Caesar’s daughter Julia to s...
Why did Pompey the Great fight Julius Caesar?
Pompey’s political alliance with Julius Caesar had weakened by 54 BCE, and it collapsed with the death of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s wif...
How did Pompey the Great lose to Julius Caesar?
In 49 BCE Julius Caesar crossed into Italy with his veteran soldiers, an act of war against the Roman Senate. Pompey and his fellow senators escape...
How did Pompey the Great die?
After Julius Caesar destroyed Pompey the Great’s army at Pharsalus in 48 BCE, Pompey fled to Egypt. He anticipated the goodwill of the young Ptolem...
Who was Pompey the Great?
Pompey the Great, Latin in full Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, (born September 29, 106 bce, Rome—died September 28, 48 bce, Pelusium, Egypt), one of the great statesmen and generals of the late Roman Republic, a triumvir (61–54 bce) who was an associate and later an opponent of Julius Caesar.
What was Pompey's family?
Pompey belonged to the senatorial nobility, although his family first achieved the office of consul only in 141. Fluent in Greek and a lifelong and intimate friend of Greek literati, he must have had the normal education of a young Roman nobleman, and his early experience on the staff of his father, Pompeius Strabo, did much to form his character, develop his military capabilities, and arouse his political ambition. The family possessed lands in Picenum, what is now the Marches region of eastern Italy, and a numerous body of clients, which Strabo greatly enlarged in the year of his consulship. In a civil war (88–87) between the rival generals Lucius Sulla and Gaius Marius, Strabo defied Sulla and favoured the Marians and a fellow general.
What happened to Pompey after Julius Caesar destroyed Pompey the Great's army at Pharsalus?
After Julius Caesar destroyed Pompey the Great’s army at Pharsalus in 48 BCE, Pompey fled to Egypt. He anticipated the goodwill of the young Ptolemy XIII, whose father had effectively made Egypt a client kingdom of the Roman Republic. However, Ptolemy’s advisers had Pompey killed as he was coming ashore.
Why did Pompey take his army back to Italy?
Unlike Metellus, Pompey took his army back to Italy with him, ostensibly to assist in putting down a slave revolt led by Spartacus but in reality to secure a triumph and election to the consulship for 70. The nobles whom Sulla had restored to power had proved to be more corrupt and incompetent than ever.
Why was Pompey called Magnus?
His soldiers called him Magnus for his ruthless destruction of his opponents in Sicily and Africa.
What happened to Pompey's alliance with Julius Caesar?
Pompey’s political alliance with Julius Caesar had weakened by 54 BCE, and it collapsed with the death of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s wife. Pompey grew wary of Caesar’s growing ambitions and drew closer to the Roman senatorial establishment. In 49 Caesar defied Senate demands and entered Italy with his army.
What happened to Pompey and Caesar?
Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus sought to further their careers despite an obstructionist majority in the Roman Senate. However, political machinations and the death of Julia dissolved Pompey’s bond with Caesar within the decade.
How did Pompeii enrich itself?
In the 2nd century BC, Pompeii enriched itself by taking part in Rome's conquest of the east as shown by a statue of Apollo in the Forum erected by Lucius Mummius in gratitude for their support in the sack of Corinth and the eastern campaigns . These riches enabled Pompeii to bloom and expand to its ultimate limits.
When did the Etruscans settle in Pompeii?
In 524 BC , the Etruscans arrived and settled in the area, including Pompeii, finding in the River Sarno a communication route between the sea and the interior. Like the Greeks, the Etruscans did not conquer the city militarily, but simply controlled it and Pompeii enjoyed a sort of autonomy.
What was the main cause of death in Pompeii?
A multidisciplinary volcanological and bio-anthropological study of the eruption products and victims, merged with numerical simulations and experiments, indicates that at Pompeii and surrounding towns heat was the main cause of death of people, previously believed to have died by ash suffocation.
How high was Pompeii built?
Pompeii was built about 40 metres (130 ft) above sea level on a coastal lava plateau created by earlier eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, (8 km (5.0 mi) distant). The plateau fell steeply to the south and partly the west and into the sea. Three sheets of sediment from large landslides lie on top of the lava, perhaps triggered by extended rainfall. The city bordered the coastline, though today it is 700 metres (2,300 ft) away. The mouth of the navigable Sarno River, adjacent to the city, was protected by lagoons and served early Greek and Phoenician sailors as a safe haven and port which was developed further by the Romans.
What was the name of the town that rebelled against Rome?
Pompeii was one of the towns of Campania that rebelled against Rome in the Social Wars and in 89 BC it was besieged by Sulla, who targeted the strategically vulnerable Porta Ercolano with his artillery as can still be seen by the impact craters of thousands of ballista shots in the walls. Many nearby buildings inside the walls were also destroyed. Although the battle-hardened troops of the Social League, headed by Lucius Cluentius, helped in resisting the Romans, Pompeii was forced to surrender after the conquest of Nola.
Why did Pompeii prosper?
Despite the political uncertainty of these events and the progressive migration of wealthy men to quieter cities in the eastern Mediterranean, Pompeii continued to flourish due to the production and trade of wine and oil with places like Provence and Spain, as well as to intensive agriculture on farms around the city.
How much ash was in Pompeii?
Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae ), was buried under 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
Who was Pompey the Great?
Definition. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military leader and politician during the fall of the Roman Republic. He was born in 106 BCE and died on 28th September 48 BCE. His father was Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo. Pompey's life can be easily split into four phases: his early career (106- 71 BCE), ...
What type of dynast was Pompey?
Pompey's career was to some extent typical of a new type of Roman statesman that came to the fore in the late Republic, that of the 'military dynast', which could be seen to have had its origins in the careers of Marius and Sulla.
Why was Pompey sent to Spain?
In 77 BCE Pompey was sent pro consule in order to assist in the struggle against Sertorius in Spain. Sertorius was an opponent of Sulla who had been active in that area since c. 83 BCE. Pompey returned from there in 71 BCE, wiping out the scattered bands of slaves who had fought under the now defeated Spartacus.
What did Pompey do after his consulship?
Instead, the Gabinian Law of 67 BCE gave Pompey the power and authority to oppose and dispose of the increasing problem of piracy in the Mediterranean, which posed a threat to Rome's grain supply. Remove Ads. Advertisement.
Why did Pompey send his army to Sicily?
In 83 BCE Pompey procured a private army of three legions, taken from his father's veterans and clients, in order to fight for Sulla. After this Pompey was sent as pro praetor (a magistrate sent in place of a praetor) to Sicily and then Africa to put down dissidents.
How many phases did Pompey have?
Pompey's life can be easily split into four phases: his early career (106- 71 BCE), his consulship until the triumvirate (70- 60 BCE), his later career in Rome (59- 50 BCE) and the Civil War (49-48 BCE). Remove Ads. Advertisement.
When did Pompey return to Rome?
It was in 62 BCE that Pompey returned to Italy, and disbanded his army, finally entering Rome on his birthday, 30th September 61 BCE. Upon returning, Pompey celebrated a triumph the likes of which Rome had never seen before, one that lasted a whole two days!
Where did Pompey come from?
Unlike Caesar, whose Roman heritage was long and illustrious, Pompey came from a non-Latin family in Picenum (in northern Italy), with money. His father, Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was a member of the Roman Senate. At 23, following in his father's footsteps, Pompey entered the political scene by raising troops to help Roman general Sulla liberate Rome from the Marians.
Why is Pompey so famous?
Even though he turned against Caesar, Pompey was widely admired by his countrymen for his role in the conquest of various territories. He was especially admired by the nobles, and statues of him were placed in Rome as a tribute to his military and political accomplishments. His image was printed on silver coins in 40 BCE. Pompey has been depicted in a number of films and television series, including "Julius Caesar," "Rome," "Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire," and "Spartacus: War of the Damned."
Who was the enemy commander of Pompey?
Pompey and Caesar first faced each other as enemy commanders after Caesar, defying orders from Rome, crossed the Rubicon. Caesar was the victor of the battle at Pharsalus in Greece, where he was outnumbered by Pompey's forces. After the defeat, Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed and his head cut off so that it could be sent to Caesar.
Who was the leader of the first Triumvirate?
Along with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar, Pompey formed what is known as the First Triumvirate, which became the dominating force in Roman politics. Together, these three rulers were able to seize power from some of the Optimates and resist the power of the Roman nobles in the Senate. Like Pompey, Caesar was a skilled and highly respected military leader; Crassus was the wealthiest man in the Roman Empire.
What year was Pompey?
History of Pompey. The year was 1830. Pompey was just one of thousands of slaves toiling on the islands now known as the Bahamas. John Rolle, a British Lord and a large plantation owner on the island of Exuma, declared that 77 of his slaves would be transferred to work on Cat Island, another island in the Bahamas.
How old was Pompey when he fled the slave trade?
Pompey, a 32-year-old slave, defied the transfer order. Rallying many slaves to his cause, Pompey fled into the bush, avoiding capture for several weeks. The group of renegade slaves later stole one of Lord Rolle’s boats and sailed for the capital of Nassau.
Why is there a memorial in Exuma?
Today, a memorial stands in Great Exuma to commemorate this moment in the fight against slavery. Run for Pompey represents a movement to further honor his memory, providing an annual scholarship for students of Exuma in need.
What was the first time people could not be moved like property against their will?
However, the rebellion is widely seen as a key moment in the Bahamian fight for freedom, by showing, for the first time, that people could not be moved like property against their will. It is considered a key precursor to the emancipation in the Bahamas, which occurred in August 1838.
Did Pompey strike land in Nassau?
While Pompey and his crew never struck land in Nassau, the Governor did hear of their case, and ordered that the slaves remain on their plantation in Exuma. Pompey was hailed as a hero upon his return. Many of the slaves left behind on the plantation rallied to his cause and refused to work.
What did Pompey the Great do?
During his long career, Pompey the Great displayed exceptional military talents on the battlefield. He fought in Africa and Spain, quelled the slave revolt of Spartacus, cleared the Mediterranean of pirates, and conquered Armenia, Syria and Palestine.
Who was the Roman senator who supported Pompey?
The Roman Senate supported Pompey and asked Caesar to give up his army, which he refused to do. In January 49 B.C., Caesar led his legions across the Rubicon River from Cisalpine Gaul to Italy, thus declaring war against Pompey and his forces.
Where did Caesar retreat from?
Caesar made early gains in the subsequent civil war, defeating Pompey’s army in Italy and Spain, but he was later forced into retreat in Greece. In August 48 B.C., with Pompey in pursuit, Caesar paused near Pharsalus, setting up camp at a strategic location.
Who was the leader of the first Triumvirate?
In 60 B.C., he joined with his rivals Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus to form the First Triumvirate, and together the trio ruled Rome for seven years. Caesar’s successes aroused Pompey’s jealousy, however, leading to the collapse of the political alliance in 53 B.C.
Who was Alexander Fleming?
Sir Alexander Fleming was a young bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine on September 28, 1928. Having left a plate of staphylococcus bacteria uncovered, Fleming noticed that a mold that had fallen on the culture had ...read more
Chemical and petrographic analysis bolsters earlier stratigraphic findings
Enlarge / The Largo di Torre Argentina in Rome contains the Curia of Pompey. New study concludes it was built in 3 phases.
Further Reading
In his treatise De architectura (circa 30 CE), the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius wrote about how to build concrete walls for funerary structures that could endure for a long time without falling into ruins.
What was the name of the theater that Pompey the Great built?
But building the Curia Julia took time, so the senate temporarily moved to the Curia Pompeiana, part of Pompey the Great’s massive public theater. Pompey, once Rome’s most accomplished general and one of its richest citizens, had, notably, been defeated by Caesar in a civil war in 48 B.C. before being murdered in Egypt by Caesar’s allies.
Where did the Roman Senate meet?
For centuries, the Roman senate met in the Curia, or meeting house, on the Comitium, ancient Rome’s primary open-air meeting space. While the senate house experienced several fires and restorations over the generations, changing names depending on who paid to rebuild it, it was always in the same location.
Where did Julius Caesar die?
The curia in Pompey’s Theater where Caesar died in the Largo di Torre Argentina is currently a fenced-off feral cat colony. The spot where Julius Caesar was murdered by members of the Roman Senate is one of the most infamous sites in world history.
Overview
History
Although best known for its Roman remains visible today, dating from AD 79, it was built upon a substantial city dating from much earlier times. Expansion of the city from an early nucleus (the old town) accelerated already from 450 BC under the Greeks after the battle of Cumae.
The first stable settlements on the site date back to the 8th century BC when the
Name
Pompeii in Latin is a second declension masculine plural noun (Pompeiī, -ōrum). According to Theodor Kraus, "The root of the word Pompeii would appear to be the Oscan word for the number five, pompe, which suggests that either the community consisted of five hamlets or perhaps it was settled by a family group (gens Pompeia)."
Geography
Pompeii was built about 40 m (130 ft) above sea level on a coastal lava plateau created by earlier eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, (8 km (5.0 mi) distant). The plateau fell steeply to the south and partly the west and into the sea. Three sheets of sediment from large landslides lie on top of the lava, perhaps triggered by extended rainfall. The city bordered the coastline, though today it is 700 m (2,300 ft) away. The mouth of the navigable Sarno River, adjacent to the city, was protected b…
Roman city development
Owing to its wealth and its Greek, Etruscan and Roman history, Pompeii is of great interest for the study of Roman architecture in terms of building methods and urban planning. However, it was a relatively small provincial city and, except for the amphitheatre, it did not have large monuments on the scale of other Roman cities. The smallish size of the town's architecture is also due to the fa…
Tourism
Pompeii has been a popular tourist destination for over 250 years; it was on the Grand Tour. By 2008, it was attracting almost 2.6 million visitors per year, making it one of the most popular tourist sites in Italy. It is part of a larger Vesuvius National Park and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997. To combat problems associated with tourism, the governing body for Pompeii, the 'Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompei', have begun issuing new tickets t…
In popular culture
The 1954 film Journey to Italy, starring George Sanders and Ingrid Bergman, includes a scene at Pompeii in which they witness the excavation of a cast of a couple who perished in the eruption.
Pompeii was the setting for the British comedy television series Up Pompeii! and the movie of the series. Pompeii also featured in the second episode of the fo…
Documentaries
• In Search of...'s episode No. 82 focuses entirely on Pompeii; it premiered on 29 November 1979.
• The National Geographic special In the Shadow of Vesuvius (1987) explores the sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum, interviews (then) leading archaeologists, and examines the events leading up to the eruption of Vesuvius.
Early Life
Sertorian War and Third Mithridatic War
- Civil war continued in Rome when Quintus Sertorius, one of the Populares, launched an attack against the Sullans in the Western Roman Empire. Pompey was sent to assist the Sullans in the fighting, which lasted from 80 BCE to 72 BCE. Pompey was a skilled strategist; he used his forces to draw out the enemy and attack them when they least suspected i...
The First Triumvirate
- Along with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar, Pompey formed what is known as the First Triumvirate, which became the dominating force in Roman politics. Together, these three rulers were able to seize power from some of the Optimates and resist the power of the Roman nobles in the Senate. Like Pompey, Caesar was a skilled and highly respected military leader; Crassus w…
Civil War
- After the dissolution of the First Triumvirate, tensions began to escalate between Pompey and Caesar. Some Roman leaders, including those who had previously resisted the authority of Pompey and Caesar, decided to back Pompey in an election for consul, fearing that the failure to do so would create a power vacuum in Rome. Pompey then married Cornelia, the daughter of th…
Death
- Pompey and Caesar first faced each other as enemy commanders after Caesar, defying orders from Rome, crossed the Rubicon. Caesar was the victor of the battle at Pharsalusin Greece, where he was outnumbered by Pompey's forces. After the defeat, Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed and his head cut off so that it could be sent to Caesar.
Legacy
- Even though he turned against Caesar, Pompey was widely admired by his countrymen for his role in the conquest of various territories. He was especially admired by the nobles, and statues of him were placed in Rome as a tribute to his military and political accomplishments. His image was printed on silver coins in 40 BCE. Pompey has been depicted in a number of films and television …
Sources
- Fields, Nic. "Warlords of Republican Rome: Caesar versus Pompey." Casemate, 2010.
- Gillespie, William Ernest. "Caesar, Cicero and Pompey: the Roman Civil War." 1963.
- Morrell, Kit. "Pompey, Cato, and the Governance of the Roman Empire." Oxford University Press, 2017.
- Seager, Robin. "Pompey, a Political Biography." University of California Press, 1979.