5 key security challenges for North Africa in 2019
- 1. Terrorism Conceptualising terrorism is a challenging task; combating it is clearly even harder. ...
- 2. Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies Terrorist attacks and insurgencies are two different stories, for the latter involves an attempt by a militant group to establish control over territories through the support of the population. ...
- 3. Border Threats ...
- 4. Economic Security ...
- 5. Human Security ...
Full Answer
What challenges does Africa face today?
Security. Intra-state conflict, terrorism, and unconstitutional changes of government are three of the biggest security issues in Africa to monitor in 2022.
What are 4 problems found in Africa today?
Terrorism, conflict resolution, border closures and immigration among issues expected to continue to dominate continent. Africa made great progress in a number of fields in 2019, including holding peaceful elections in many parts of the continent and increased economic growth.
Is there conflict in North Africa?
List of conflictsDateConflictLocation2002–presentInsurgency in the MaghrebMorocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Niger, Mali2003–presentWar in DarfurSudan2005–2010Civil war in Chad (2005–2010)Chad, Sudan2007–2009Tuareg Rebellion (2007–2009)Mali, Niger37 more rows
What economic problems are shared by the nations of North Africa?
MENA countries continue to face numerous long-term socio-economic and institutional challenges including high unemployment (especially youth unemployment), low female labour-market participation rates, the poor quality of education, costly and ineffective public sectors, high military and security spending, high energy ...
What challenges is Africa still facing today 2022?
More than one in five people in Africa suffer from hunger and an estimated 140 million people faced acute food insecurity in 2022, up from 120 million people in 2021, according to the Global Report on Food Crises 2022 Mid-Year Update.
What are the top 5 challenges Africa is facing?
All of these features made the continent face the hardest challenges in the world.Poverty. ... Poor Education. ... Ill Health. ... Violence. ... Hunger. ... Sustainable agriculture, nutrition and food security. ... Access to financing. ... Economic growth rate is far too low.
What are the five types of conflicts that have affected Africa?
In the light of these dimensions, we can consider African conflicts as belonging to the following six types: inter-ethnic conflicts, inter-state conflicts, liberation conflicts, civil rights conflicts, annexationist conflicts, and political transition conflicts.
Who is at war right now 2022?
Countries Currently at War 2022CountryCasualty range 2022TypeMyanmar10,000+Civil WarRussia10,000+Russo-Ukrainian WarUkraine10,000+Russo-Ukrainian WarAfghanistan1,000 to 10,000Civil War/Terrorist Insurgency28 more rows
Which country in Africa is in war now?
Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. Several armed groups – fighting against government forces and/or against each other's – are involved in these conflicts.
What are two environmental issues in North Africa?
North Africa is expected to face increasing temperatures, droughts, and decreasing and/or varying levels of rainfall and groundwater levels.
What economic problems did the North Face?
During the Civil War, the North faced economic problems, includinghigh unemployment and low wages. massive debt and a rise in inflation.
What is a problem in the major cities in North Africa?
Representative cities include Algiers, Alexandria, Cairo, Casablanca, and Khartoum. They have been challenged by urban problems resulting from rapid population growth, climate change, civil wars, and terrorism.
What are the five big issues affecting Africa?
Deforestation in the Congo Basin.Flooding in the Central African Republic.Droughts in South Africa.Rising temperatures in sub-Saharan Africa.Cyclones in Southern and East Africa.
What are 3 problems South Africa faces today?
In South Africa, public opinion surveys have repeatedly shown that South Africans rank unemployment, crime and corruption as the three most important issues facing the country. Others include housing and water.
What are 3 economic problems in Africa?
The report highlights five interconnected risks impacting countries across the continent.Unemployment and underemployment. Unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa stands at around 6%, according to the International Labour Organization. ... Underinvestment in infrastructure. ... Fiscal crises. ... Political change. ... Climate change.
Why are there problems in Africa?
Many of today's challenges are the outcome of colonial political and economic practices, Cold War alliances, and attempts by outsiders to influence African political and economic systems during the decolonization and post-independence periods.
What percentage of Africans work in agriculture?
About 70 percent of Africans work in agriculture, but only 10% of the total portfolios of commercial banks goes to agriculture, according to the World Bank. Challenging legal and financial environments are constraining growth in African agriculture.
Is health worse in Africa?
Health outcomes are worse in Africa than anywhere else in the world, even though life expectancy at birth has risen and chronic child malnutrition has declined since the mid-1990s. Violence. Tolerance of domestic violence is twice as high as in the rest of the developing world.
Is violence against civilians on the rise?
Incidents of violence against civilians are on the rise. While this litany of suffering is true throughout sub-Saharan Africa , with regard to all these measures life is particularly harsh for people living in the roughly 34% of Africa where states have collapsed to the point of irrelevance. Hunger .
What happened to Ahmed Gaid Salah?
On Monday, the 23rd of December 2019, the news agency Algeria Press Service released a press dispatch announcing the sudden death from a heart attack of the de facto leader of Algeria, Ahmed Gaid Salah. Only four days before, the newly elected but highly contested President of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, Adbelmajid Tebboune took office and, as a first measure, decorated Gaid Salah - the Chief of Staff of the People’s National Army - with the top honour of the National Order of Merit. The Lieutenant that ruled over Algeria saw in Mr. Tebboune, ‘the man able to lead Algeria to a better future ’. This tragic event illustrates the seemingly new regime that claims to put an end to the military rule over the country. Between wills of change and political dramas, what is the Algerians’ place in regional governance? What are the strategic challenges that the North African power and its new regime will have to face in the pursuit of regional peace and stability?
Is Algeria a part of Africa?
Strategically located on the Mediterranean coastline, holding the highest Human Development Index of continental Africa and covering the largest national area in both Africa and the Arab World, Algeria has imposed itself as an unavoidable security actor in North Africa. The 2019 mass protests put all eyes back on this keystone country, as a part of the process of maintaining international peace and security in this unstable region. The challenges that the North African power has to face are of various natures, ranging from coping with the Malian and Libyan crises to controlling upcoming migrations from the Sahel region towards Europe, and tackling terrorism. In addition, the democratic challenge that has been gathering millions of Algerian each Friday of the last eight months makes the balance of powers in the region even more unstable.
Does Algeria have a military?
Just like Soviet countries back in the Cold War, Algeria enjoys a heavy military that concentrates all the efforts on the political power at the cost of public investments in public health, education or even energetic transition. Salient is the fact that of all arms imported by African states, 54% account for Algeria alone, well ahead of its Morroccan neighbour and Nigeria. Relying on the most important proven reserves of oil in North Africa, Algeria has chosen to dedicate 5.7% of its annual GDP to military expenditures.
What are the issues that affect Africa?
Social security and assistance. Terrorism threat. Urban development (smart cities) Improvements in these issues will contribute to more inclusive economic growth, achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and assist Africa to pay a key role in the global economy, as well as its governance structures.
What is Africa known for?
An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law. An Africa with a strong cultural identity, common heritage, values and ethics. An Africa where development is people-driven, unleashing the potential of its women and youth.
What is the continent of Africa based on?
An integrated continent, politically united and based on the ideals of Pan Africanism and the vision of Africa’s Renaissance
What is peace negotiation?
Peaceful negotiation of conflicts (elimination of armed conflicts and forced movement of people)
What are the three types of infrastructure?
Infrastructure for#N#Transport (roads, railways, ports)#N#Energy (renewable sources)#N#Water and sanitation#N#Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 1 Transport (roads, railways, ports) 2 Energy (renewable sources) 3 Water and sanitation 4 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
What were the challenges African states faced at independence?
One of the most pressing challenges African states faced at Independence was their lack of infrastructure. European imperialists prided themselves on bringing civilization and developing Africa, but they left their former colonies with little in the way of infrastructure.
What did the lack of infrastructure mean for African countries?
The lack of infrastructure also meant that African countries were dependent on Western economies for much of their energy. Even oil-rich countries did not have the refineries needed to turn their crude oil into gasoline or heating oil. Some leaders, like Kwame Nkrumah, tried to rectify this by taking on massive building projects, like the Volta River hydroelectric dam project. The dam did provide much-needed electricity, but its construction put Ghana heavily into debt. The construction also required the relocation of tens of thousands of Ghanaians and contributed to Nkrumah's plummeting support in Ghana. In 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown .
Why did African countries lack manufacturing infrastructure?
These new countries also lacked the manufacturing infrastructure to add value to their raw materials. Rich as many African countries were in cash crops and minerals , they could not process these goods themselves. Their economies were dependent on trade, and this made them vulnerable. They were also locked into cycles of dependencies on their former European masters. They had gained political, not economic dependencies, and as Kwame Nkrumah - the first prime minister and president of Ghana - knew, political independence without economic independence was meaningless.
What did the new African states agree to?
Immediately after decolonization, the new African states agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, meaning they would not try to redraw Africa's political map as that would lead to chaos. The leaders of these countries were, thus, left with the challenge of trying to forge a sense of national identity at a time when those seeking a stake in the new country were often playing to individuals' regional or ethnic loyalties.
What was the challenge of decolonization?
Finally, decolonization coincided with the Cold War, which presented another challenge for African states. The push and pull between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) made non-alignment a difficult, if not impossible, option, and those leaders who tried to carve third way generally found they had to take sides.
What were the borders of Africa's new countries left with?
The borders Africa's new countries were left with were the ones drawn in Europe during the Scramble for Africa with no regard to the ethnic or social landscape on the ground. The subjects of these colonies often had many identities that trumped their sense of being, for instance, Ghanaian or Congolese.
How long did the civil war last in Angola?
In Angola, the international support that the government and rebel factions received in the Cold War led to a civil war that lasted nearly thirty years.
What is the aim of the World Economic Forum?
There is a dire need for a new collaborative platform that brings governments together with businesses and other stakeholders in private-public cooperation. This is the aim of the World Economic Forum’s summit in Jordan. By convening members of the public and private sectors, and bringing new voices into the arena, such as the 100 Arab Start-ups, we hope to facilitate forward-leaning dialogue that understands and respects the values and culture of the region.
Is governance reform a must do issue?
Governance reform is a “must do” issue in the region and disillusionment caused by perceptions of corruption is particularly strong among young Arabs.
Is the social contract in the Arab world sustainable?
The social contract in much of the Arab world has relied on state-provided employment. This is unsustainable. Nearly half the population is under 25, and a quarter of those are unemployed. Add the biggest gender gap in the world, and it’s clear a new framework is needed.
Which country is the biggest problem in Nafta?
B. North America - the USA, as the problems of the biggest member of Nafta is also the biggest problem by sheer weight of it politics/economics on N. America.
What are some examples of environmental issues in North America?
As an example I’d like to mention the destruction of the Colorado River delta and the demise of all the endemic creatures that inhabited that once leafy habitat. This river was once two miles wide, imagine the scenery!
Why is trafficking a great adversity to overcome?
The reason why this is such a great adversity to overcome is that trafficking rings are generally orchestrated by larger, well-organized transnational flag-less criminal groups, which command smaller groups that traffic victims at a domestic level. Those guilty of these crimes are closer than we think.
What are the causes of poverty in the US?
Despite the U.S.’s wealth, there are many places in rural and urban America that are very poor and receive inadequate resources and attention in order to improve one’s quality of life. This is a major cause of much higher levels of poverty and violence in the U.S. compared to similarly wealthy countries. Large income inequality and rigid divisions between rich and poor with little social mobility also informs much of the migration from Latin America to the United States (primarily). This is a challenge for the countries people are emigrating from, for labor and resources is being lost (although it may not be sufficiently utilized at home). Also, since there is a lot of undocumented migration, it creates humanitarian crises both in transit with various parties looking to exploit the migrants, and at the destination country where a lack of action on immigration reform forces millions to live in the shadows and often work in illegal and unsafe conditions even though many sectors of the U.S. economy depend on their labor.
Why is violence in North America so common?
Security- This can be seen as a result of the first challenge, as high income inequality and rigid social structures are major causes of violence in North America. If you look at intentional homicide rates across the world, 7 of the top 10 countries are in North America (8 in the Americas), and going down the list, North and South America continue to dominate the wrong part of it. The causation of violence (outside of active warfare) is extremely complex, it’s not directly correlated with poverty. Two reasons I suggest for this is the rigid social, class and caste structures and recent histories of violence committed with impunity (sometimes by state actors) in many of these countries.
How does the war on drugs affect the market?
A second effect is on the costs of drugs. The war on drugs restricts the market to a select few different substitutes. This centralizes the market, and allows the legal drug companies to collude.
