which condition develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox

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Which condition develops in response to activation of the virus that causes chickenpox?

What is shingles? Shingles is the reactivation of a viral infection in the nerves to the skin that causes pain, burning, or a tingling sensation, along with an itch and blisters in the skin supplied by the affected nerve. It is caused by the varicella zoster virus[1], or VZV—the same virus that causes chickenpox.

What does reactivation of latent chickenpox virus manifest as?

Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. Reactivation of latent infection causes herpes zoster (shingles).

Can Chicken Pox be reactivated?

The illness is often more severe in adults compared to children. Most people who have had chickenpox will be immune to the disease for the rest of their lives. However, the virus remains inactive in nerve tissue and may reactivate later in life causing shingles. Very rarely, a second case of chickenpox does happen.

What do you call the disease when reactivation of the varicella virus takes place as a result of immunosuppression?

Primary infection causes varicella (chickenpox), during which VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons. As cellular immunity to VZV wanes with advancing age or in immunocompromised individuals, VZV reactivates to cause zoster (shingles).

What causes chickenpox to reactivate?

After you have had chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus lies dormant (inactive) inside your body. It can become reactivated at a later stage and cause shingles. It is not known exactly why the virus is reactivated, but it is linked to having lowered immunity (protection against infection and diseases).

What causes chickenpox infection?

Chickenpox infection is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It can spread through direct contact with the rash. It can also spread when a person with the chickenpox coughs or sneezes and you inhale the air droplets.

Why does chickenpox cause shingles?

Shingles affects the nerves Anyone who's had chickenpox may develop shingles. After you recover from chickenpox, the virus enters your nervous system and stays inactive for years. Sometimes the virus reactivates and travels along nerve pathways to your skin — producing shingles.

Which are names for the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles?

Shingles is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. This virus can reactivate years later, causing shingles.

What is zoster ocular disease?

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO), commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease characterized by a unilateral painful skin rash in one or more dermatome distributions of the fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve), shared by the eye and ocular adnexa.

What are three diseases caused by varicella-zoster virus?

Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.

Why is a reactivated varicella-zoster virus VZV infection so painful?

After primary infection, VZV remains dormant in sensory nerve roots for life. Upon reactivation, the virus migrates down the sensory nerve to the skin, causing the characteristic painful dermatomal rash.

Which acute infectious disease in adults is caused by the same organism responsible for chickenpox in children?

Herpes zoster (shingles) is an acute, cutaneous viral infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a herpesvirus that is the cause of varicella (chickenpox).

What is viral reactivation?

Reactivation is the mechanism whereby a latent virus that has infected a host cell switches to a lytic stage, undergoing productive viral replication and allowing the virus to spread.

What does it mean when a virus is latent?

When a virus is present in the body but exists in a resting (latent) state without producing more virus. A latent viral infection usually does not cause any noticeable symptoms and can last a long period of time before becoming active and causing symptoms.

Which of the following is an example of a latent viral infection?

Latent viral infections in humans include herpes simplex, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, human cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

How does a dormant virus become active?

These dormant viruses can be activated by many factors, such as trauma, another infection, emotional stress, menstruation, excessive exposure to sunlight, and various illnesses.

What is the cause of chickenpox?from cdc.gov

Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It can cause an itchy, blister-like rash. The rash appears first on the chest, back, and face, and then spreads over the entire body. More.

When is chickenpox infected?from mayoclinic.org

When a mother is infected with chickenpox in the week before birth or within a couple of days after giving birth , her baby has a higher risk of developing a serious, life-threatening infection. If you're pregnant and not immune to chickenpox, talk to your doctor about the risks to you and your unborn child.

What is the reactivation of VZV?from en.wikipedia.org

Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles ), postherpetic neuralgia, and sometimes Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II. Varicella zoster can affect the arteries in the neck and head, producing stroke, either during childhood, or after a latency period of many years.

What is the role of VZV in the immune system?from en.wikipedia.org

Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. Cell-mediated immune responses are also important in limiting the scope and the duration of primary varicella infection. After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. VZV then remains latent in the dorsal ganglion cells of the sensory nerves. Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles ), postherpetic neuralgia, and sometimes Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II. Varicella zoster can affect the arteries in the neck and head, producing stroke, either during childhood, or after a latency period of many years.

How many times can you get chickenpox?from en.wikipedia.org

People usually only get chickenpox once. Although reinfections by the virus occur, these reinfections usually do not cause any symptoms. Since its introduction in 1995, the varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease.

How to treat chickenpox at home?from cdc.gov

There are several things that you can do at home to help relieve chickenpox symptoms and prevent skin infections. Calamine lotion and a cool bath with added baking soda, uncooked oatmeal, or colloidal oatmeal may help relieve some of the itching.

Why do chickenpox blisters turn crusty?from mayoclinic.org

The spots quickly fill with a clear fluid, rupture and then turn crusty. Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters. Chickenpox is highly contagious to people who haven't had the disease or been vaccinated against it.

When does chickenpox occur?from en.wikipedia.org

In temperate countries, chickenpox is primarily a disease of children, with most cases occurring during the winter and spring, most likely due to school contact. It is one of the classic diseases of childhood, with most cases occurring in children up to age 15. Like rubella, it is uncommon in preschool children.

What are the symptoms of chickenpox?from medicalnewstoday.com

This causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, a fever, a cough, chest pain, and low oxygen saturation. , around 5–15% of adults with chickenpox have some respiratory symptoms. Some people with chickenpox require hospitalization.

What is the reactivation of VZV?from en.wikipedia.org

Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles ), postherpetic neuralgia, and sometimes Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II. Varicella zoster can affect the arteries in the neck and head, producing stroke, either during childhood, or after a latency period of many years.

What is the role of VZV in the immune system?from en.wikipedia.org

Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. Cell-mediated immune responses are also important in limiting the scope and the duration of primary varicella infection. After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. VZV then remains latent in the dorsal ganglion cells of the sensory nerves. Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles ), postherpetic neuralgia, and sometimes Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II. Varicella zoster can affect the arteries in the neck and head, producing stroke, either during childhood, or after a latency period of many years.

How does chickenpox spread?from medicalnewstoday.com

The chickenpox virus can travel in many ways. It can spread through respiratory droplets, when a person sneezes, for example, or through to contact with blisters . This is why the virus is so contagious. Any adult who is not immune and who comes in contact with an infected person is at risk.

What is the best treatment for chickenpox?from medicalnewstoday.com

A doctor may prescribe the medication acyclovir (Zovirax) to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms. Acyclovir reduces the rate that the chickenpox virus multiplies within the body.

What is the rash that turns into scabs?from cdc.gov

The classic symptom of chickenpox is a rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually turn into scabs. The rash may first show up on the chest, back, and face, and then spread over the entire body, including inside the mouth, eyelids, or genital area.

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