What is a medical encyclopedia?
A medical encyclopedia is a comprehensive written compendium that holds information about diseases, medical conditions, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries. It may contain an extensive gallery of medicine-related photographs and illustrations. A medical encyclopedia provides information to readers about health questions.
What is the purpose of a medical encyclopaedia?
A medical encyclopaedia provides information to readers about health questions. It may also contain some information about the history of diseases, the development of medical technology uses to detect diseases in its early phase. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.
How many articles are in the AMA medical encyclopedia?
The A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia includes over 4,000 articles about diseases, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries. It also contains an extensive library of medical photographs and illustrations. For more information about A.D.A.M., see its content review board.
What is the science of Medicine?
It is a practical science that applies knowledge from biology, chemistry, and physics to treat diseases. Biological knowledge is derived from anatomy, biochemistry, physiology , histology, epidemiology , microbiology, genetics, toxicology , pathology , and many other disciplines.
Which is called Encyclopedia of Medicine?
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, Fifth Edition is a health reference product designed to inform and educate readers about a wide variety of health topics, including diseases, disorders, conditions, treatments and diagnostic tests, diets, alternative treatments, and prevention.
What is a healthcare encyclopedia?
A medical encyclopaedia is a comprehensive written compendium that holds information about diseases, medical conditions, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries. It may contain an extensive gallery of medicine-related photographs and illustrations.
Who wrote the first medical encyclopedia?
Ali Ibn Rabban Al-TabariAli Ibn Rabban Al-Tabari: author of the first medical encyclopedia.
What is the ADAM medical encyclopedia?
The A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia includes over 4,000 articles about diseases, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries. It also contains an extensive library of medical photographs and illustrations. For more information about A.D.A.M., see its content review board.
Is Gale an encyclopedia?
The Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 6th Edition.
What's another word for healthcare?
What is another word for health care?health serviceshealth systemhealth maintenancehealth protectionmedical managementpreventive medicinewellness programambulatory carecommunity caremedical care2 more rows
What was the first book of medicine?
The Nei Ching, or Canon of Internal Medicine, is prob ably the oldest known medical book. It is a combina tion of philosophy, medicine, and religion, and its influ ence on Chinese medicine spanned more than 2,000 years.
When was the first medical book written?
Just over thirty years after the first printing press arrived in the New World from Spain, the first medical book was printed in Mexico City: Francisco Bravo's Opera Medicinalia, published by Pedro Ocharte in 1570.
Which Persian scientist created a medical encyclopedia about the treatment of disease?
Ibn Sina, known in the West as Avicenna, was the most famous and influential of all the Islamic philosopher-scientists. His most important medical works are the Canon of Medicine medical encyclopedia and a treatise on cardiac drugs.
Who wrote a medical encyclopedia that was translated into Latin?
The Qanun was translated into Latin as Canon medicinae by Gerard of Cremona. (Confusingly, there appear to have been two men called Gerard of Cremona, both translators of Arabic texts into Latin.
How do you cite ADAM Medical Encyclopedia?
A.D.A.M. medical encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta: A.D.A.M., Inc.; c2005 [cited 2007 Mar 26]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html.
What is Adam health?
A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, is the most credible and innovative source of health care information and multimedia visual learning assets for hospitals, health care organizations, educational institutions, employers and the pharmaceutical industry.
Who wrote a medical encyclopedia about certain diseases and how they can be contagious?
The Canon of MedicinePersian version of The Canon of Medicine at Avicenna's mausoleum in HamedanAuthorAvicennaOriginal titleالقانون في الطبLanguageArabicGenreMedical literature1 more row
What is healthcare domain?
Healthcare domain testing is a method of evaluating a healthcare application for criteria such as standards, safety, compliance, and cross-dependency with other organizations. The goal of healthcare domain testing is to assure the application's quality, dependability, performance, safety, and efficiency.
What are the three levels of healthcare?
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Healthcare | Medical care Levels.
What does a healthcare system include?
A healthcare system can be defined as the method by which healthcare is financed, organized, and delivered to a population. It includes issues of access (for whom and to which services), expenditures, and resources (healthcare workers and facilities).
What is the medical literature in the Bible?
The main source of information on ancient Hebrew medicine is the Bible, which refers to medicine as it pertains to religious or civil laws or when important characters are involved. No general ancient Hebrew medical documents are extant, although the Talmud reports that King *Hezekiah canceled the "Medical Book" (Ber. 10b; Pes. 56a) and that a scroll on pharmacology was lost. From earliest times, the Jewish faith sought to suppress *magic customs and practices in every field of life, including those concerned with the health of its members. The Hebrews were doubtlessly influenced in their medical concepts and practices by the surrounding nations, particularly by Egypt, where medical knowledge was highly developed. Prevailing superstitions and beliefs in magic medicine were far less accepted and practiced by the Jews, however, than by their neighbors. But like their contemporaries, the ancient Hebrews attributed health and disease to a divine source.
How has medicine changed?
Medicine has undergone profound changes since the start of the 20 th century. Advances in medical science have gradually transformed clinical practice from a largely pragmatic skill based on anecdotal experience into a discipline underwritten by verified laboratory and clinical observations. The increasing pace of scientific discovery continues to offer therapeutic possibilities of unprecedented complexity and expense. Medical teaching has changed from apprenticeship to individual teachers with varying degrees of skill and knowledge to organized instruction in universities with courses and teachers with appropriate academic credentials. Before the 1950s patients were rarely given explanations for their illnesses and treatment. Patients now have ready access to medical knowledge and expect to be involved in decisions about their clinical management. They also have increasing expectations in terms of the standards of medical care. Change in attitude and technical advances have made ethics an integral part of clinical practice. In general, an overview of the Jewish contribution to medicine in modern times must consider advances in scientific knowledge, the application of this knowledge to clinical practice, medical education, the organization of medical practice, and the proper education and participation of patients.
How did the Russian Revolution affect Jewish participation in medicine?
World War i, the Russian Revolution, and the *Balfour declaration had demographic and political consequences that profoundly influenced Jewish participation in medicine. Many Russian Jews moved to large university centers, where they had been forbidden to reside. As a result of this movement and of the new policy of open university admissions, the number of Jewish doctors greatly increased. Unofficial admission quotas reappeared during the later years of Stalin's rule. However, neither their number nor their achievements can be readily determined because of the isolation of Russian Jewry from the Western world.
How did Jews contribute to medical education?
After World War ii a steadily increasing number of Jews have joined the teaching staffs of medical schools. Many have also contributed to teaching as textbook authors and by editing medical journals. The well-known medical editor, Morris *Fishbein, edited the Journal of the American Medical Association (1924–49) and played a leading role in shaping American healthcare policies. Alexander Gutman (1902–1973) edited the American Journal of Medicine and Alfred Soffer (1922– ) was editor of Chest. Subsequently there has been an at least commensurate increase in the numbers of Jewish medical scientists and teachers needed to meet the enormous demand for journals, books, and education at all levels.
What diseases are mentioned in the Bible?
26:16); ʿ afolim – leishmaniasis (Deut. 28:27); yerakon ( yeraqon) – ikterus (Deut. 28:22); sheḥin pore'aḥ a ʾ v ʿ abu ʾ ot – pemphigus (Ex. 9:9); zav – gonorrhealeukorrhea (Lev. 15); dever – pest (Deut. 28:21); shivron motnayim – lumbago (Ezek. 21:11); nofel ve-galui ʿ enayim – epilepsy (Num. 24:4); rekav ( reqav) ʿ aẓamot – osteomyelitis (Prov. 14:30). Although not specifically mentioned by name, eye diseases such as blepharitis ciliaris and gonorrheal ophthalmia undoubtedly existed, and senile cataract probably occurred frequently among the ancient Hebrews: "Now the eyes of Israel (Jacob) were dim for age so that he could not see" (Gen. 48:10). The dimness of sight rather than blindness is indicative of cataract. Various forms of skin disease are referred to in Deuteronomy: "The Lord will smite thee with the boil of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healed" (Deut. 28:27). The Hebrew word ẓaraʿat, which has been translated as leprosy, was probably a generic term for a number of skin ailments, many of which were considered curable (Lev. 13). However, leprosy in the modern sense was also known, and rigid quarantine, which did not exclude kings (ii Chron. 26:21), was imposed on lepers. The term maggefah refers to plague, epidemics, and contagious diseases in general, very often of a venereal type. A bubonic plague described in i Samuel 5 mentions rodents, who are known to be carriers of the disease. Various types of wounds are mentioned: makkah is the generic term for wound; makkah t'eriyyah is a festering wound; makkah ʾ anushah, a wound which will not heal, often fatal; peẓa ʿ, a stab wound; ḥabburah, a boil or hematoma; and mazor, a septic boil.
Why is rheumatology important?
Rheumatology is a relatively young but important clinical specialty because of the high incidence of debilitating joint diseases especially in the elderly. The prospects for controlling rheumatoid arthritis have been greatly increased by the successful application of monoclonal antibody techniques. Morris *Ziff was influential worldwide in establishing the essential links between basic science and clinical practice in this discipline.
Where did the medical school of Salerno begin?
From the ninth to the 12 th century a medical study center existed in Salerno in southern Italy uninfluenced, either deliberately or by accident, by the Arab culture which penetrated into Southern Europe. The beginnings of the School of Salerno are associated with the name of the distinguished Jewish physician Shabbetai *Donnolo, of Oria, Calabria. His most famous medical work, Sefer ha-Yakar, lists 120 different remedies and their composition. Greek medicine is often referred to and Hebrew terms such as those used by Asaph ha-Rofe are frequently found in it. There is, however, no evidence that the author knew or accepted Arab medical wisdom, even though by that time many Arabic medical works had reached southern Italy by way of the Saracens of Sicily. It is interesting to note that Sefer ha-Yakar was also the first Hebrew prose written on European soil. References to other Jewish physicians practicing in Salerno and to Hebrew as a language of instruction are to be found in various records of the time. Benjamin of Tudela (12 th century) refers to the physician Elijah whom he met when visiting Salerno. On the whole, however, the Jews who transmitted Arab philosophy and medical science had little influence on the School of Salerno, which endeavored to uphold the Greek medical tradition.
Where did modern medicine come from?
The first real light on modern medicine in Europe came with the translation of many writings from the Arabic at Salerno, Italy, and through a continuing trade and cultural exchange with Byzantium. By the 13th cent. there were flourishing medical schools at Montpellier, Paris, Bologna and Padua, the latter being the site of production of the first accurate books on human anatomy. At Padua, VesaliusVesalius, Andreas
Who was the first person to use modern medicine?
The 19th cent. saw the beginnings of modern medicine when PasteurPasteur, Louis
What is the field of medicine and hygiene?
field of medicine and hygiene dealing with the prevention of disease and the promotion of health by government agencies. In the United States, public health authorities are engaged in many activities, including inspection of persons and goods entering the country
What is the black plague?
any contagious, malignant, epidemic disease, in particular the bubonic plague and the black plague (or Black Death), both forms of the same infection. These acute febrile diseases are caused by Yersinia pestis(Pasteurella pestis
Which civilizations were most familiar with surgical procedures?
implies some familiarity with the nervous and vascular systems. The Chinese pharmacopoeia was the most extensive of all the older civilizations. The Hindus seem to have been familiar with many surgical procedures, demonstrating skill in such techniques as nose reconstruction (rhinoplasty) and cutting for removal of bladder stones.
Who was the first English physician to lay the foundation for modern medicine?
1578–1657, English physician considered by many to have laid the foundation of modern medicine, b. Folkestone, studied at Cambridge, M.D. Univ. of Padua, 1602. Returning to London, he became a physician of St.
Who was the rationalist in Greek medicine?
In Greek medicine the impetus for the rational approach came largely from the speculations of the pre-Socratic philosophers and such philosopher-scientists as Pythagoras, Democritus, and Empedocles. HippocratesHippocrates
What is the practice of medicine?
Medicine, the practice concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease.
What is the Declaration of Health?
The declaration reaffirmed that. health, which is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is a fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide social goal whose realization requires the action ...
What is primary care in developing countries?
Primary health care in the developed countries is usually the province of a medically qualified physician; in the developing countries first contact care is often provided by nonmedically qualified personnel. The vast majority of patients can be fully dealt with at the primary level.
What is secondary health care?
Secondary health care often requires the technology offered by a local or regional hospital. Increasingly, however, the radiological and laboratory services provided by hospitals are available directly to the family doctor, thus improving his service to patients and increasing its range.
Is health care universal?
Ideally, provision of health care at all levels will be available to all patients; such health care may be said to be universal. The well-off, both in relatively wealthy industrialized countries and in the poorer developing world, may be able to get medical attention from sources they prefer and can pay for in the private sector. The vast majority of people in most countries, however, are dependent in various ways upon health services provided by the state, to which they may contribute comparatively little or, in the case of poor countries, nothing at all.
Who is the father of modern medicine?
Hippocrates. A towering figure in the history of medicine was the physician Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE), considered the "father of modern medicine.". The Hippocratic Corpus is a collection of around seventy early medical works from ancient Greece strongly associated with Hippocrates and his students.
How did medicine change?
The practice of medicine changed in the face of rapid advances in science, as well as new approaches by physicians. Hospital doctors began much more systematic analysis of patients' symptoms in diagnosis. Among the more powerful new techniques were anaesthesia, and the development of both antiseptic and aseptic operating theatres. Effective cures were developed for certain endemic infectious diseases. However, the decline in many of the most lethal diseases was due more to improvements in public health and nutrition than to advances in medicine.
How did European medicine spread?
European ideas of modern medicine were spread widely through the world by medical missionaries, and the dissemination of textbooks. Japanese elites enthusiastically embraced Western medicine after the Meiji Restoration of the 1860s. However they had been prepared by their knowledge of the Dutch and German medicine, for they had some contact with Europe through the Dutch. Highly influential was the 1765 edition of Hendrik van Deventer's pioneer work Nieuw Ligt ("A New Light") on Japanese obstetrics, especially on Katakura Kakuryo's publication in 1799 of Sanka Hatsumo ("Enlightenment of Obstetrics"). A cadre of Japanese physicians began to interact with Dutch doctors, who introduced smallpox vaccinations. By 1820 Japanese ranpô medical practitioners not only translated Dutch medical texts, they integrated their readings with clinical diagnoses. These men became leaders of the modernization of medicine in their country. They broke from Japanese traditions of closed medical fraternities and adopted the European approach of an open community of collaboration based on expertise in the latest scientific methods.
What was the mid 20th century?
Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine.
Why did the Hong Kong College of Medicine start?
The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese was the forerunner of the School of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, which started in 1911. Because of the social custom that men and women should not be near to one another, the women of China were reluctant to be treated by male doctors.
When was the anatomy of the eye written?
Arabic manuscript, Anatomy of the Eye, by al-Mutadibih, 1200 CE . The Islamic civilization rose to primacy in medical science as its physicians contributed significantly to the field of medicine, including anatomy, ophthalmology, pharmacology, pharmacy, physiology, and surgery.
Who was the founder of Egyptian medicine?
Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes credited with being the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and with being the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is regarded as a copy of several earlier works and was written c. 1600 BCE.
How did medical ethics evolve?
Mainstream medical ethics evolved toward becoming a philosophical undertaking, with the aim of finding solutions for moral problems in an impartial, unprejudiced, and nonculturally biased way . Ethical practice evolved as a consideration of advantages and disadvantages in the search to justify one particular ethical option.
What is the meaning of ethics in medical terms?
One interpretation of medical ethics is that in a situation in which there are many choices of how to treat a patient, ethics dictate that the physician chooses the “medically correct” way to proceed.
What disciplines are involved in bioethical discussions?
Initially, people from many different disciplines, such as medicine, law, theology, biological sciences, social sciences, philosophy, and the humanities, entered into the dialogue. However, in a process of professionalization and institutionalization, the bioethical discussions quickly became anchored in the fields of theology and philosophy. ...
When was the World Medical Association established?
After the Second World War, the World Medical Association was established as a forum where national medical associations could discuss the ethical concerns presented by modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued the International Code of Medical Ethics, the first worldwide medical ethical code, in 1949.
Is there a sacred dyad of one doctor, one patient?
However, this has for many years been regarded as insufficiently narrow. No adequate health care ethics can think only of the ‘sacred dyad’ of ‘one doctor, one patient.’. Every doctor has many patients, and most doctors practice within a health care system or institution.
