What are the tributaries of the inferior vena cava (IVC)?
The IVC gets the following tributaries: 3 formative veins: 2 common iliac veins and the median sacral vein. The latter may join the left common iliac vein. 3 abdominal wall tributaries: inferior phrenic vein and third and fourth lumbar veins. The very first and 2nd lumbar veins finish in the ascending lumbar vein.
What veins drain into the inferior vena cava?
It is formed near the anteroinferior aspect of the liver and enters the inferior vena cava near the upper border of the caudate lobe. The other two main veins, the middle and left hepatic veins, usually drain into the inferior vena cava as a common trunk.
What are the tributaries of the intravenous Canal?
The IVC gets the following tributaries: 3 formative veins: 2 common iliac veins and the median sacral vein. 3 abdominal wall tributaries: inferior phrenic vein and third and fourth lumbar veins. 3 Lateral visceral tributaries: right suprarenal vein, renal veins, and right testicular/ovarian vein.
What are the tributaries of the iliac vein?
The IVC receives a number of tributaries including common iliac, lumbar, renal, right adrenal, and hepatic veins. The IVC lies between the liver and the diaphragm and cephalad courses medially to enter the right atrium.
What are the tributaries of the IVC?
Tributaries of the IVC are the paired lumbar and renal veins and the hepatic veins, additionally on the right side the right gonadal, suprarenal, and inferior phrenic veins also drain into the IVC (see Figure 2.4).
Where does the IVC originate?
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is a large retroperitoneal vessel formed by the confluence of the right and left common iliac veins. Anatomically this usually occurs at the L5 vertebral level.
Which vein drains into the IVC?
A few veins merge and drain into the IVC before it makes its way up to the heart: The left renal vein, the left adrenal vein, and left gonadal veins merge into the renal vein. On the right side, the right adrenal and right gonadal veins enter directly into the IVC without merging into the right renal vein first.
What is a tributary of the superior vena cava?
Tributaries of the superior vena cava The azygous vein travels over the root of the right lung and at the level of the second costal cartilage opens up into the SVC, just before it enters the pericardium. The lumbar azygous, right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins come together to form the azygous vein.
Where is the vena cava vein located?
Your inferior vena cava and superior vena cava are both on your heart's right side. Your right and left innominate (or brachiocephalic) veins merge to form your superior vena cava. Your superior vena cava is next to the right side of your sternum and goes into your right atrium, where all the oxygen-poor blood goes.
Is hepatic portal vein and portal vein the same?
The hepatic portal system is a complex system of hepatic portal veins and their capillaries. It is also known as the portal venous system.
What are tributaries of veins?
The term “tributary” denotes the branch of a named vein. In the case with superficial veins, a tributary, often incorrectly referred to as a “collateral”, is a branch of a specific vein of the saphenous system. Any subcutaneous (located under the skin), branch of a tributary is a tributary as well.
Does the portal vein drain into the IVC?
The superior and inferior mesenteric veins join the splenic vein behind the pancreas to form the portal vein which carries blood to the liver, which in turn is drained by the hepatic veins which pass into the IVC.
Where does the hepatic portal vein begin and end?
The hepatic portal vein receives blood specifically from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen, and carries it into the liver through the porta hepatis. The porta hepatis serves as the point of entry for the hepatic portal vein and the proper hepatic artery, and is the point of exit for the bile passages.
Do veins have branches or tributaries?
All of the veins of the arm are tributaries of the subclavian vein of that side. They are found in both superficial and deep locations and possess valves. Most of the deep veins are arranged in pairs with cross connections between them.
What two veins form the superior vena cava?
The right and left brachiocephalic veins, also known as the innominate veins, join to form the superior vena cava posterior to the inferior border of the first right costal cartilage. These veins carry blood from the chest wall, esophagus, lungs, neck, and pericardium.
What vein is above the superior vena cava?
It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm....Superior vena cavaPrecursorcommon cardinal veinsDrains fromleft and right brachiocephalic veinsSourcebrachiocephalic vein, azygos veinDrains toRight atrium9 more rows
Where does the portal vein come from?
The portal vein (PV) is the main vessel of the PVS, resulting from the confluence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, and drains directly into the liver, contributing to approximately 75% of its blood flow [1]. Hepatic artery provides the remaining hepatic blood flow.
What is IVC in liver?
Abstract. Hepatic vena cava syndrome, also known as membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava (IVC), was considered a rare congenital disease and classified under Budd-Chiari syndrome. It is now recognized as a bacterial infection-induced disease related to poor hygiene.
Where is an IVC filter located?
About Your IVC Filter The inferior vena cava is the largest vein in your body. It carries blood from your lower body to your heart and lungs. An IVC filter is a small device that is placed in your inferior vena cava to prevent blood clots from moving through your blood into your lungs (see Figure 1).
Where does the vena cava carry blood to?
The vena cava are the two largest veins that carry blood into the right upper chamber of the heart (the right atrium). The superior vena cava carries blood from the brain and arms into the top of the right atrium.
Which vein is connected to the left IVC?
Duplicated IVC: There are two IVCs below the level of the renal veins—each connected to the ipsilateral common iliac vein. The left IVC joins the left renal vein, which then crosses anterior to the abdominal aorta and drains into the right IVC (Fig. 110-2).
What is the IVC?
The inferior vena cava (IVC) and major tributary veins are retroperitoneal structures with unique anatomic and developmental characteristics that offer special challenges for clinical and radiologic assessment. Even though the clinical assessment of IVC pathology presents several limitations, the revolutionary advances we have seen in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology allow us to achieve excellent noninvasive assessments of these structures. The emergence of CT and MRI for vascular imaging has facilitated the transitioning of x-ray catheter angiography from merely a diagnostic tool to a viable less invasive percutaneous therapeutic replacement for complex open surgical interventions.
How to study IVC?
Technique: To study the anatomy of the IVC, the CT protocol should include imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with the use of an intravenous iodinated contrast agent. It is recommended to ensure that there is at least a 2-minute delay between intravenous contrast administration and CT scanning because this will improve the likelihood for homogeneous enhancement of the IVC. If CT is begun at the traditional portal venous phase (65 to 70 sec delay), the infrarenal IVC may have poor luminal enhancement owing to the relatively longer delay necessary for the venous return from the pelvis and inferior extremities to the IVC. The suprarenal IVC, moreover, may show heterogeneous enhancement because of mixing of the contrast bolus returning from the renal veins.
What is the most caudal segment of the right supracardinal vein?
Then, the most caudal segment of the right supracardinal vein becomes the infrarenal vena cava. The hepatic segment of IVC is derived from the vitelline vein, which conveys blood from the viscera. The suprarenal segment is formed via a subcardinal-hepatic anastomosis.
How many left renal veins are there?
Circumaortic left renal vein: There are two left renal veins. The superior-anterior renal vein receives the adrenal vein and crosses the aorta anteriorly to join the IVC. The second renal vein is approximately 1 to 2 cm more inferior and posterior. It receives the left gonadal vein and crosses posterior to the aorta to join the IVC (Fig. 110-4).
Why are radiographs not used in IVC?
Plain radiographs of the abdomen and pelvis have no role in the anatomic assessment of the IVC because they are unable to differentiate the veins from other retroperitoneal soft tissues. They may provide gross information though, of the relative location of foreign bodies such as filters, and catheters installed within the IVC.
Where does the left IVC join the right IVC?
The left IVC joins the left renal vein which then crosses posterior to the aorta to join the right IVC. It passes posterior to the diaphragmatic crura and enters the thorax as azygos vein. It then joins the superior vena cava at its normal location in the right paratracheal space.
What is the inferior vena cava?
The inferior vena cava is a large, valveless, venous trunk that receives blood from the legs, the back, and the walls and contents of the abdomen and pelvis.
Which veins drain blood from the loins and abdominal walls?
The pairs of lumbar veins (which drain blood from the loins and abdominal walls) are united on each side by a vertical connecting vein, the ascending lumbar vein; the right ascending lumbar vein continues as the azygous and the left as the hemiazygous. These veins usually enter separately into the inferior vena cava.
Where do the renal veins go?
Renal veins lie in front of the corresponding renal artery; the right renal vein receives tributaries exclusively from the kidney, while the left receives blood from a number of other organs as well. The right suprarenal vein terminates directly in the inferior vena cava as does the right phrenic, above the gonadal vein. Two or three short hepatic trunks empty into the inferior vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm.
Which veins are associated with the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
Most blood from the lower extremity returns by way of the deep veins. These include the femoral and popliteal veins and the veins accompanying the anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal arteries. The anterior and posterior tibial veins originate in the foot and join at the level of the knee to form the popliteal vein; the latter becomes the femoral vein as it continues its extension through the thigh.
What is the portal system?
The portal system may be described as a specialized portion of the systemic circulatory system. Although it originates in capillaries, the portal system is unique from other vessels in that it also terminates in a capillary-like vascular bed, located in the liver. The blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestine first passes through the liver before it moves on to the heart. Blood flowing to the liver comes from the hepatic artery (20 percent) and the portal vein (80 percent); blood leaving the liver flows through the hepatic vein and then empties into the inferior vena cava. The hepatic arterial blood supplies oxygen requirements for the liver. Blood from the abdominal viscera, particularly the intestinal tract, passes into the portal vein and then into the liver. Substances in the portal blood are processed by the liver ( see digestive system, human ).
Where does oxygenated blood flow?
From the pulmonary capillaries, in which blood takes on oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide, the oxygenated blood in veins is collected first into venules and then into progressively larger veins; it finally flows through four pulmonary veins, two from the hilum of each lung. (The hilum is the point of entry on each lung for the bronchus, blood vessels, and nerves.) These veins then pass to the left atrium, where their contents are poured into the heart.
Where does the portal vein run?
brings deoxygenated blood from the spleen; runs along the posterior border of the pancreas where it joins the SMV posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein
Which artery is anterior to the aorta?
anterior to aorta and left renal artery
Where is the IVC located?
The IVC ascends from the front of the vertebral column on the right side of the aorta.
What is the IVC in pregnancy?
Compression of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) The IVC is commonly compressed by an enlarged uterus during the past trimester of the pregnancy. This causes edema of the ankle and feet, and varicose veins in the lower limb.
What are the 3 tributaries of the abdominal wall?
3 abdominal wall tributaries: inferior phrenic vein and third and fourth lumbar veins. The very first and 2nd lumbar veins finish in the ascending lumbar vein.
What is the sandwich vein?
Medically, it presents as the notable sandwich cutaneous vein named thoraco-abdominal vein created because of dilatation of anastomotic venous channel between the lateral thoracic vein, a tributary of the axillary vein, and the superficial epigastric vein, a tributary of the femoral vein.
What is the purpose of inferior vein cava?
Its function is to empty the majority of the blood from the body below the diaphragm into the right atrium of the heart.
What is the third part of the duodenum?
The third part of the duodenum. Head of the pancreas and bile duct. Portal vein (posterior to first of duodenum and in the right free margin of lesser omentum). The posterior outermost layer of the liver between the right and caudate lobes.
What is the function of the internal iliac vein?
The main function of the internal iliac vein is to convey the blood from the pelvic viscera into the common iliac vein.
Which vein drains blood from the pelvic organs?
The internal iliac vein drains the blood from the pelvic organs and pelvic wall, perineum and external genitalia, gluteal region and medial region of the thigh.
Which vein is superior to the greater sciatic foramen?
The internal iliac vein arises superiorly to the greater sciatic foramen. It is formed by the coalescence of several extrapelvic and pelvic veins; Its extrapelvic tributaries are the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal and obturator veins.
Where is the internal iliac vein located?
Internal iliac vein (Vena iliaca interna) The internal iliac vein, also known as the hypogastric vein, is a short vessel found in the pelvis. It arises from several smaller veins just above the greater sciatic foramen.
What are the extrapelvic tributaries of the obturator vein?
Its extrapelvic tributaries are the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal and obturator veins.
