What is Streamline Moderne architecture?
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
Who is known as the father of streamlining?
^ a b c d "Raymond Loewy, 'father of streamlining', dies at 92". Newspapers.com. The Miami News. July 15, 1986. p. 12. Retrieved March 9, 2021. ^ L’église de Rochefort et son cimetière Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine on the official website of Rochefort-en-Yvelines. ^ "Raymond Loewy (1893–1986)" (in French).
What is streamlining in Art Deco?
As the Great Depression of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of Art Deco, i.e., streamlining, a concept first conceived by industrial designers who stripped Art Deco design of its ornament in favor of the aerodynamic pure-line concept of motion and speed developed from scientific thinking.
What is streamlining in physics?
Streamlining. Smooth, regular airflow patterns around an object are called laminar flow; they denote a minimum of disturbance of the air by the object’s motion through it. Turbulent flow occurs when air is disturbed and separates from the surface of the moving body, with the consequent formation of a zone of swirling eddies in the body’s wake.
When was streamlining invented?
1930sStreamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
What is Raymond Loewy known for?
The highly creative and successful Raymond Loewy, named "the father of industrial design", had designed nearly everything from razors to railroad terminals. He was responsible for notable symbols including the Lucky Strike cigarette packet, the Coca-Cola bottle as well as creating logos for Shell and Exxon.
What influenced streamlining?
Influenced by modern aerodynamic design, modern faster transport and the vision of the future; space! Streamlining is the shape of an object, to allow air to flow around the object with less resistance. Curved surfaces allow air to flow round the object, smoothly. The classic teardrop shape was developed.
What has Raymond Loewy designed?
Among his designs were the Shell, Exxon, TWA and the former BP logos, the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus, Coca-Cola vending machines and bottle redesign, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators, the Studebaker Avanti and Champion, and the Air Force One livery.
How do you pronounce Loewy?
The correct pronunciation of Raymond Loewy is Ray-mund LOW-ee. The surname, Loewy, is originally a Jewish surname that is adapted from "Levi", and derives from his father who was Austrian. Technically, in French, Loewy should be pronounced as luh-VEE, with the stress on the second syllable.
Who is the father of design thinking?
Cognitive scientist and Nobel Prize laureate Herbert A. Simon was the first to mention design as a way of thinking in his 1969 book, The Sciences of the Artificial. He then went on to contribute many ideas throughout the 1970s which are now regarded as principles of design thinking.
What is called streamlining?
streamlining, in aerodynamics, the contouring of an object, such as an aircraft body, to reduce its drag, or resistance to motion through a stream of air.
What is streamlining a process?
Streamlining, by definition, is the act of altering an item to make it simpler or more efficient. For example, you can streamline the work of invoicing clients by ensuring the steps in the process are consistent and repeatable, regardless of who is creating and distributing invoices.
What is called streamlined?
Definition of streamlined 1a : contoured to reduce resistance to motion through a fluid (such as air) b : stripped of nonessentials : compact. c : effectively integrated : organized.
Who inspired Raymond Loewy?
Raymond Loewy launched his career in industrial design in 1929 when Sigmund Gestetner, a British manufacturer of duplicating machines, commissioned him to improve the appearance of a mimeograph machine. In three days 28-year-old Loewy designed the shell that was to encase Gestetner duplicators for the next 40 years.
What was Raymond Loewy design style?
In the years that followed, Loewy's vision of beauty through the use of “streamlined,” highly functional forms shaped modern industrial design in the United States, and the images of his work permeated the nation's lifestyle.
Who designed the Avanti?
Designed by Raymond Loewy's team of Tom Kellogg, Bob Andrews, and John Ebstein on a 40-day crash program, the Avanti featured a radical fiberglass body mounted on a modified Studebaker Lark 109-inch convertible chassis and powered by a modified 289 Hawk engine.
What was Raymond Loewy design style?
In the years that followed, Loewy's vision of beauty through the use of “streamlined,” highly functional forms shaped modern industrial design in the United States, and the images of his work permeated the nation's lifestyle.
Who is the father of industrial design?
As one of the key designers in the 20th century, Raymond Loewy's life as a designer across many disciplines provides proof for many that design is not limited to one industry or field.
Who designed the Exxon logo?
designer Raymond LoewyUse of the Esso trademark was restricted in the United States, so Standard Oil of New Jersey (Jersey Standard) hired renowned industrial designer Raymond Loewy (1893-1986) to create a new name and logo for the brand.
Who designed the Air Force One livery?
Raymond LoewyThe current livery for Air Force One has been in place since the Kennedy administration, and was designed in part by Raymond Loewy.
What was the defining event of the modern automobile?
Automobiles. Further information: Streamliner. The defining event for streamline moderne design in the United States was the 1933–34 Chicago World's Fair, which introduced the style to the general public. The new automobiles adapted the smooth lines of ocean liners and airships, giving the impression of efficiency, dynamism, and speed.
What is streamline modern?
Streamline Moderne. Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. It was inspired by aerodynamic design. Streamline architecture emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, ...
Why is streamline design important?
One reason for the simple designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items, making them affordable to the large European working class.
Where is the Flagey building?
The Flagey Building was built on the Place Flagey in Ixelles ( Brussels ), Belgium, in 1938, in the paquebot style, and has been nicknamed "Packet Boat" or "paquebot". It was designed by Joseph Diongre [ fr], and selected as the winning design in an architectural competition to create a building to house the former headquarters of the Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting (INR/NIR). The building was extensively renovated, and in 2002, it reopened as a cultural centre known as Le Flagey.
What is streamlining in art deco?
As the Great Depression of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of Art Deco, i.e., streamlining, a concept first conceived by industrial designers who stripped Art Deco design of its ornament in favor of the aerodynamic pure-line concept of motion and speed developed from scientific thinking. The cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing in architecture may also have been influenced by constructivism, and by the New Objectivity artists, a movement connected to the German Werkbund. Examples of this style include the 1923 Mossehaus, the reconstruction of the corner of a Berlin office building in 1923 by Erich Mendelsohn and Richard Neutra. The Streamline Moderne was sometimes a reflection of austere economic times; sharp angles were replaced with simple, aerodynamic curves, and ornament was replaced with smooth concrete and glass .
What is the style of the ocean liner called?
In France, it was called the Style paquebot, or "ocean liner style", and was influenced by the design of the luxury ocean liner SS Normandie, launched in 1932.
What was the first modern hotel?
The Strand Palace Hotel foyer (1930), preserved from demolition by the Victoria and Albert Museum during 1969, was one of the first uses of internally lit architectural glass, and coincidentally was the first Moderne interior preserved in a museum .
What is Streamlining in aerodynamics?
See Article History. Streamlining, in aerodynamics, the contouring of an object, such as an aircraft body, to reduce its drag, ...
What are the principles of subsonic streamlining?
The mechanics of airflow patterns lead to two principles for subsonic streamlining: (1) the forward part of the object should be well rounded, and (2) the body should gradually curve back from the midsection to a tapering rear section.
What is the name of the flow of air around an object?
Smooth, regular airflow patterns around an object are called laminar flow; they denote a minimum of disturbance of the air by the object’s motion through it. Turbulent flow occurs when air is disturbed and separates from the surface of the moving body, with the consequent formation of a zone of swirling eddies in the body’s wake. ...
What type of fluid is a drag force?
Drag forces are conventionally described…. laminar flow. Laminar flow, type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths, in contrast to turbulent flow, in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations and mixing.
What is drag in engineering?
Drag, force exerted by a fluid stream on any obstacle in its path or felt by an object moving through a fluid. Its magnitude and how it may be reduced are important to designers of moving vehicles, ships, suspension bridges, cooling towers, and other structures. Drag forces are conventionally described…. laminar flow.
What is laminar flow?
laminar flow, type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths, in contrast to turbulent flow, in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations and mixing. In laminar flow, sometimes called streamline flow, the velocity, pressure, and other flow properties at each point…
What is drag force?
drag, force exerted by a fluid stream on any obstacle in its path or felt by an object moving through a fluid. Its magnitude and how it may be reduced are important to designers of moving vehicles, ships, suspension bridges, cooling towers, and other structures. Drag forces are conventionally described…
What locomotives did Loewy design?
He designed a streamlined shroud for K4s Pacific #3768 to haul the newly redesigned 1938 Broadway Limited. He followed by styling the experimental S1 locomotive, as well as the T1 class. In 1940, he designed a simplified version of the streamlined shroud for another four K4s. In 1942, he designed the streamlined shroud for the experimental duplex engine Q1 which was his last work of streamlining PRR's steam engine.
What was the name of the plane that Loewy designed?
Loewy distinguished himself early with the design of a successful model aircraft, which won the Gordon Bennett Cup for model airplanes in 1908. By the following year, he had commercial sales of the plane, named the Ayrel . He graduated in 1910 from the University of Paris.
What was the last commission of the 1950s?
His final commission of the 1950s for Studebaker was the transformation of the Starlight and Starliner coupes into the Hawk series for the 1956 model year. In the spring of 1961, Studebaker's new president, Sherwood Egbert, recalled Loewy to design the Avanti.
What did Loewy do?
In Loewy's early years in the United States, he lived in New York and found work as a window designer for department stores, including Macy's, Wanamaker's and Saks in addition to working as a fashion illustrator for Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. In 1929 he received his first industrial-design commission to contemporize the appearance of a duplicating machine by Gestetner. Further commissions followed, including work for Westinghouse, the Hupp Motor Company (the Hupmobile styling), and styling the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears-Roebuck. It was this product that established his reputation as an industrial designer. He opened a London office in the mid-1930s that continues to operate.
What is the most beautiful car ever made?
The '53 Starliner, recognized today as "one of the most beautiful cars ever made", was radical in appearance, as radical in its way as the 1934 Airflow. However, it was beset by production problems. To brand the new line, Loewy also contemporized Studebaker's logo again by applying the "Lazy S" element.
Why did Egbert hire Loewy?
Egbert hired him to help energize Studebaker's soon-to-be-released line of 1963 passenger cars to attract younger buyers. Despite the short 40-day schedule allowed to produce a finished design and scale model, Loewy agreed to take the job.
When did Loewy retire?
In 1980, Loewy retired at the age of 87 and returned to his native France.
What platforms can I use RTMP on?
Another great feature of RTMP streaming – it’s a multi-platform streaming protocol, so you can use it for Mac, iOS, Android, Windows and many other platforms.
What is Facebook Live API?
Facebook Live API. This API allows streaming screencasts and games, switching between multiple cameras and adding special effects or on-screen graphic objects. Blizzard Entertainment uses Facebook Live API. It gives gamers the opportunity to stream Blizzard’s games to Facebook.
What is the best video streaming protocol?
Above all the listed protocols, Real Time Messaging Protocol is the best and widely used video streaming technology. This video streaming protocol, developed by Adobe Systems, aims at streaming media content live and on demand to Adobe Flash Player.
How does live streaming help business?
Live streaming can help business owners build partnership and confidence with clients. Consulting customers online or showing them what’s going on inside your company is good cases when a company can profit from live streaming. What’s more, with the help of these steps, you can increase brand awareness and customer loyalty.
How does live streaming work?
Common live productions often use a three-camera studio setup . These cameras and other video sources are connected to a switcher that transitions between them. Audio for production is transferred to a mixer via XLR cables. Generally, the switcher adds the audio from the mixer into the final output signal. It may also include the ability to add graphics, titles, and even animations. The switcher could be hardware, software, or a little of both when capture cards are required.
What is the codec for streaming?
For the final output signal to be stored or streamed, the video signal needs to be compressed through an encoder into a ‘codec.’ Codecs come in all shapes and sizes. A standard in the industry is H.264, which is often used for broadcasting and distribution. H.264 compresses the video to be easily streamed, which means compressing gigabytes to megabytes.
What is a CDN broadcaster?
To resolve some of these issues, many broadcasters employ a content delivery network (CDN). It’s a network of media servers spread all over the world that’s capable of handling large amounts of data. The servers closest to the viewer are called edge servers. The data stream is delivered throughout the network, finally connecting with viewers at the edge server closest to them.
How many delages were there at the World's Fair?
Of the three Delages commissioned by the French government, the first two were bodied in 1938 by Letourneur et Marchand for display in the French Pavilion throughout 1939. The third Delage, designed and built by Henri Chapron, was added in 1940 after the fair was extended an additional year by New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. All three cars were built on the new Delage D8 120 chassis and powered by a Delahaye-built 4.7 liter straight eight. The overhead valve Delahaye eight, like the 4.0 liter Delage engine before it, was capable of making 120 horsepower at 4000rpm, sufficient to run an average car up to 90mph, and with lighter weight coachwork, over 100mph. The most striking of the three World’s Fair models was the streamlined Aerodynamic Coupé with its sweeping arched window design and sleek fastback roofline. The beginning of World War II prevented the World’s Fair cars from returning to France, and all three were sold to American buyers after the Fair closed for an estimated price of $7,500 each. They have remained in this country ever since.
What is the new Cadillac body?
Cadillac described its sleek new body design as an Aero-Dynamic Coupe. Bodied by Fleetwood and built on a Series 452-C, 149-inch wheelbase chassis, the 16 cylinder car featured pontoon-type fenders and a streamlined fastback roof – a look that would not only influence GM automotive designs well into the 1940s but automotive styling the world over.
What was the streamlining of cars like in the 1930s?
In the 1930s streamlining was like a magical language that defied cultural, social, and economic differences, like laughter or a smile, it was easy to interpret. During this era of aerodynamic enlightenment, from the late 1920s up until the beginning of World War II, ...
How much horsepower does a Delahaye 8 have?
The overhead valve Delahaye eight, like the 4.0 liter Delage engine before it, was capable of making 120 horsepower at 4000rpm, sufficient to run an average car up to 90mph, and with lighter weight coachwork, over 100mph.
What year did Cadillac make the Silver Arrow?
The interior of the Cadillac V16 Aero-Dynamic Coupe was elegantly accented with attractive instrumentation and a banjo steering wheel. In 1934 , Pierce-Arrow introduced a production version of the Silver Arrow, just as Cadillac began offering the Aero-Dynamic Coupe as a coachbuilt body for V8, V12, and V16 chassis.
When did Mercedes start making road cars?
Apart from racecars, at Sindelfingen, Mercedes-Benz stylists were enthralled with the possibilities of aerodynamics as they applied to road cars. The first example from the factory appeared in 1934, the 500K Autobahn Kurier sport limousine (in Germany at the time, four-door sedans were called limousines) establishing a body style that would carry on into the 540K series, and the striking 1935 Type 290 and 1937 Type 320 streamliners.
What were the theories of Fuller?
The theories of Fuller were elemental; to achieve greater speed, one needed to reduce, or eliminate, a vehicle’s resistance to the wind. One way was to bludgeon it with sheer horsepower; the other was to slide through it like a rapier.
