Who was Lord Protector of England and Scotland?
Oliver Cromwell, Captain-General of the forces of England, Scotland and Ireland, shall be, and is hereby declared to be, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging, for his life.
What does it mean to be a Lord Protector?
The title Lord Protector is a title which can temporarily be held by a lord, when the lord or lady of one of the Great Houses is in his or her minority or otherwise unable to rule. A Lord Protector can be established for one of the Seven Kingdoms, or for the entire realm.
What is the Lord Protector of the north called?
For the Vale, the Lord Protector is named "Lord Protector of the Vale" [3] [4] or "Lord Protector of the Eyrie and the Vale of Arryn". [5] For the North, the title is "Lord Protector of Winterfell". [6]
What is the Lord Protector of the Vale called?
When named in relation to the Iron Throne, the Lord Protector is named "Lord Protector of the Realm" [1] or simply the "Protector of the Realm". [2] For the Vale, the Lord Protector is named "Lord Protector of the Vale" [3] [4] or "Lord Protector of the Eyrie and the Vale of Arryn". [5]
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Who was the last Lord Protector?
Highness Richard CromwellRichard CromwellHis Highness Richard CromwellPortrait by Gerard SoestLord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and IrelandIn office 3 September 1658 – 25 May 1659Preceded byOliver Cromwell13 more rows
Who was given the title of Lord Protector in the 17th century?
Oliver Cromwell was a political and military leader in 17th century England who served as Lord Protector, or head of state, of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland for a five-year-period until his death in 1658.
Who was Lord Protector of Edward VI?
Edward Seymour, earlOn the accession of Edward VI to the throne, Jane's brother, Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, became regent as lord protector with the title duke of Somerset.
Why was Cromwell called Lord Protector?
As one of the generals on the parliamentary side in the English Civil War against King Charles I, Cromwell helped to bring about the overthrow of the Stuart monarchy, and, as lord protector, he raised his country's status once more to that of a leading European power from the decline it had gone through since the death ...
When was Cromwell named Lord Protector?
1653Probably the most important phase in Cromwell's life was his appointment in 1653 as Lord Protector, the first person who was not a member of the Royal Family to be a head of state in Britain.
Who was the first Lord Protector of England?
Lieutenant-General Oliver Cromwell was a Parliamentary commander during the British Civil Wars and later became Lord Protector. A natural cavalry leader, he played a vital role in Parliament's victories at the Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby, before leading successful campaigns in Ireland and Scotland.
Who were the lord protectors of England?
Lord Protector (plural: Lords Protector) was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state....Cromwellian Commonwealth.Lord Protector of England, Scotland and IrelandFormation16 December 1653First holderOliver CromwellFinal holderRichard CromwellAbolished25 May 16595 more rows
What was Cromwell's reign called?
the Commonwealth of EnglandEstablishment of the Commonwealth: 1649 After the King's execution, a republic was declared, known as the Commonwealth of England.
What is a Lord Protector?
Lord Protector ( plural: Lords Protector) is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It is also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It is sometimes used to refer to holders of other temporary posts; for example, a regent acting for the absent monarch.
Who was the Lord Protector of the Realm?
Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was "Lord Protector of the Realm" (10 May 1483 – 26 June 1483) during the nominal reign of Edward V (one of the Princes in the Tower) before claiming the throne for himself as Richard III; Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, was Lord Protector (4 February 1547 – 11 October 1549) during the early years of the reign ...
Who was the Prince of Wales in 1811?
Post-Cromwell. Since the Restoration the title has not been used in either of the above manners. George, Prince of Wales, appointed to the regency in 1811, was referred to as "His Royal Highness the Prince Regent ". George exercised the powers of the monarchy, just as Lords Protector had, but the title's republican associations had rendered it ...
Who is Oliver Cromwell?
Oliver Cromwell, Captain-General of the forces of England, Scotland and Ireland, shall be, and is hereby declared to be, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging, for his life. The replacement constitution of 1657, the Humble Petition and Advice, gave "His Highness ...
Who was the last holder of the Commonwealth?
Oliver Cromwell. Final holder. Richard Cromwell. Abolished. 25 May 1659. Standard of the Lord Protector. The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was the title of the head of state during the Commonwealth (often called the Interregnum ), following the first period when a Council of State held executive power.
Who was the Duke of Châtellerault?
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault, was "Governor and Protector of the Kingdom" (3 January 1543 – 12 April 1554) for Mary, Queen of Scots.
Who was Edward Seymour?
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, was Lord Protector (4 February 1547 – 11 October 1549) during the early years of the reign of the young Edward VI; James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault, was "Governor and Protector of the Kingdom" (3 January 1543 – 12 April 1554) for Mary, Queen of Scots.
What is a Lord Protector?
The title Lord Protector is a title which can temporarily be held by a lord, when the lord or lady of one of the Great Houses is in his or her minority or otherwise unable to rule. A Lord Protector can be established for one of the Seven Kingdoms, or for the entire realm.
Who is the Lord Protector of Runestone?
There are several instances where a Lord Protector has ruled or was suggested to rule: Lord Yorbert Royce of Runestone, Lord Protector of the Vale for Lady Jeyne Arryn, who he represented at the Great Council of 101 AC, as Jeyne was in her minority. Tyrion Lannister, planned by Tywin Lannister to become the Lord Protector ...
Who is the protector of the Vale?
Lord Petyr Baelish, named Lord Protector of the Vale by his wife, Lady Lysa Arryn, for her eight year old son, Lord Robert Arryn. Following Lysa's death, Petyr assumes the position of Lord Protector of the Eyrie and the Vale of Arryn.
What did Oliver Cromwell do after he became lord protector?
What did Oliver Cromwell do after he became Lord Protector? He freed Charles I from prison. He abandoned the Puritan religion. He called for the opening of theaters and pubs.
Who tried to banned Christmas in England?
Festive games and carol singing were outlawed during the English Civil War. Despite winning the English Civil War and ruling the British Isles for five years, Oliver Cromwell is more commonly remembered as the ruler who did the unthinkable: banning Christmas.
Did Cromwell ban Christmas?
To Cromwell and his fellow Puritans, though, singing and related Christmas festivities were not only abhorrent but sinful. ... In 1644, an Act of Parliament effectively banned the festival and in June 1647, the Long Parliament passed an ordinance confirming the abolition of the feast of Christmas.
Are Oliver and Thomas Cromwell related?
Oliver Cromwell was descended from a junior branch of the Cromwell family, distantly related from (as great, great grand-uncle) Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to King Henry VIII. ... Their son Richard Williams went to live in the household of his uncle Thomas, becoming his protégé.
Was Cromwell a dictator?
After dismissing Parliament by force, Cromwell was a military dictator in all but name, who happily raised taxes without consent and imprisoned many without trial.
Who became king at the restoration?
Restoration, Restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660. It marked the return of Charles II as king (1660–85) following the period of Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth.
What was King Charles found guilty of?
Charles was found guilty of treason — a 'tyrant, traitor, murderer and Public Enemy'.
Who was the leader of the Commonwealth of England?
Oliver Cromwell. Oliver Cromwell was a political and military leader in 17th century England who served as Lord Protector, or head of state, of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland for a five-year-period until his death in 1658. Cromwell was known for being ruthless in battle, and he twice led successful efforts to remove ...
Who was responsible for the attack on the Catholic fortress in 1645?
In October 1645, Cromwell led an attack on the Catholic fortress Basing House, and was later accused of killing 100 of its men after they had surrendered. Charles I ultimately surrendered to the Scots in 1646, ending the First English Civil War. However, there was more conflict to come.
What was Cromwell's rank in the Battle of Langport?
By 1644, he had risen to the rank of Lieutenant General, and in the Battle of Naseby and the Battle of Langport in 1645, he helped lead forces loyal to Parliament to victories over those of Charles I. In October 1645, Cromwell led an attack on the Catholic fortress Basing House, and was later accused of killing 100 of its men after they had surrendered.
What was the name of the war that Cromwell led?
This was known as the English Civil War, and it was during this time that Cromwell’s career as a military leader was born. Cromwell and others leading the Parliament side also differed significantly from Charles I in their religious views, which helped fuel the conflict.
Where did Cromwell lead the troops?
Though he had no formal military training prior to the start of the war, Cromwell soon distinguished himself on the field of battle, recruiting and leading troops in key victories in 1642 at the Battle of Edgehill and in East Anglia.
Was Cromwell a Puritan?
Called a dictator by some — including future British Prime Minister Winston Churchill — Cromwell, a devout Puritan, was particularly intolerant of Catholics and Quakers, though he is also credited by others for helping to lead Great Britain toward a constitutional government.
Overview
Lord Protector (plural: Lords Protector) was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes used to refer to holders of other temporary posts; for example, a regent acting for the absent monarch.
Feudal royal regent
The title of "The Lord Protector" was originally used by royal princes or other nobles exercising a role as protector and defensor of the realm, while sitting also in a council of government, usually when the English monarch was still a minor or otherwise unable to rule. It differs from a continental regency because of the separation of powers.
Notable cases in England:
Cromwellian Commonwealth
The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was the title of the head of state during the Commonwealth (often called the Interregnum), following the first period when a Council of State held executive power. The title was held by Oliver Cromwell (December 1653 – September 1658) and subsequently his son and designated successor Richard Cromwell (…
Post-Cromwell
Since the Restoration the title has not been used in either of the above manners. George, Prince of Wales, appointed to the regency in 1811, was referred to as "His Royal Highness the Prince Regent". George exercised the powers of the monarchy, just as Lords Protector had, but the title's republican associations had rendered it distasteful.
Protector of the church
'Lord Protector' has also been used as a rendering of the Latin Advocatus in the sense of a temporal Lord (such as a Monarch) who acted as the protector of the mainly secular interests of a part of the church; compare the French title of vidame.
External links
• United Kingdom at WorldStatesmen.org