who started the french and indian war

Who to blame forstarting the French and Indian War?

Why can we blame George Washington for starting a world war? He led a group of men killed a French commander that caused France to retaliate, sparking on-and-off fighting between France and Britain in America, leading to the Seven Years' War and the French and Indian War (which are really basically the same war)

What sparked the French and Indian War?

The French and Indian War was fought mainly between Great Britain and France and involved their colonies. The war sparked when both Britain and France claimed territories in the New World.This territory was the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.

What are 3 causes of the French and Indian War?

What were 3 causes of the French and Indian War quizlet?

• Cause #1. Britain/French both thought they claimed Ohio territory. …
• Cause #2. The French destroyed English forts.
• Cause #3. English colonists broke up the French and Indian trade.
• Effect #1. England became in debt so they put taxes on colonists.
• Effect #2. They began forcing Navigation Acts.
• Effect #3.

Who benefited most from the French and Indian War?

The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. What was the outcome of the French and Indian 7 year war?

Who won the French and Indian War and how?

The French and Indian War ended after the British defeated the French in Quebec. In 1760 the British took over Fort Pontchartrain (at Detroit) and renamed it Fort Detroit, effectively ending the war. However, the war "officially" ended in 1763 (when Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris) in 1763.

What were the 3 causes of the French and Indian War?

Through collaborative research and reporting activities, students will be able to identify and describe in detail five major causes of the French and Indian War: conflicting claims between Great Britain and France over territory and waterways, beaver trade, religious differences, control of the Grand Banks, and ...

Why did French and Indian War start?

The French and Indian War began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire, and therefore open for trade and settlement by Virginians and Pennsylvanians, or part of the French Empire.

What were the French and Indians fighting for?

The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land and their cultural future. The French claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley. They wanted to trade with the American Indians and control the area. The British also claimed the Upper Ohio River Valley.

What were three effects of the French and Indian war?

The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.

What were the causes of the French and Indian war quizlet?

The cause of te French and Indian war was triggered by Britain and France wanting power of North America. Both, desired control over the Ohio Valley.

What are some causes and effects of the French and Indian war?

Terms in this set (6)Cause #1. Britain/French both thought they claimed Ohio territory. ... Cause #2. The French destroyed English forts.Cause #3. English colonists broke up the French and Indian trade.Effect #1. England became in debt so they put taxes on colonists.Effect #2. They began forcing Navigation Acts.Effect #3.

What were the causes of conflict between the British and French?

The three causes for the rivalry between France and Britain are the disputes that developed over land in the colonies, control of the fur trade in the colonies and over the balance of power in Europe. These causes led to war.

What was the French and Indian War?

French and Indian War. This article is about the conflict from 1754 to 1763. For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763, see French and Indian Wars. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country ...

What tribes did the French colonists recruit?

When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the Hurons, Mississaugas, Ojibwas, Winnebagos, and Potawatomi .

What wars were named after the British?

There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War. This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire.

What wars were between 1688 and 1763?

For the series of conflicts between 1688 and 1763, see French and Indian Wars. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population ...

Why did the Governor of New France send an expedition to the Ohio Country in 1749?

Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière, the Governor of New France sent an expedition in 1749 into the Ohio Country in an attempt to assert French sovereignty. to reaffirm to New France's Indian allies that their trading arrangements with colonists were exclusive to those authorized by New France.

How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie?

The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia, and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg.

Why did the British fail in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York?

British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal divisions, effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Native warrior allies.

What was the French and Indian War?

French and Indian War, American phase of a worldwide nine years’ war (1754–63) fought between France and Great Britain. (The more-complex European phase was the Seven Years’ War [1756–63].) It determined control of the vast colonial territory of North America.

Who discovered the British and French territories in North America?

The Newberry Library, The MacLean Collection ( A Britannica Publishing Partner) British territorial claims rested upon explorations of the North American continent by John Cabot in the latter part of the 15th century.

Why did the French drive out English traders and build forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny?

When news reached Williamsburg, the colonial capital, that the French were driving out English traders and building forts on the headwaters of the Allegheny in order to consolidate their positions , Lieut. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie determined to act.

What river did La Salle travel through?

Starting from Canada, La Salle moved through the Great Lakes and then, after descending the Mississippi River in 1682, took possession in the name of the king of France of all lands drained by the river and its tributaries. European exploration: early voyages.

What was the Treaty of Paris?

According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris signed on February 10, 1763, France was to cede Canada to Great Britain and to relinquish all claims to the lands lying east of the Mississippi River, outside the environs of New Orleans.

Why was the conflict between the two colonies inevitable?

A conflict between the two colonial powers over their rival North American claims was doubtless inevitable, but because their areas of trade exploitation were widely separated, that conflict might have been delayed for many years had not the governor-general of New France forced the issue .

Where did the British traders retreat?

The traders, regarded as trespassers on French lands, were ordered to retreat to the eastern slopes of the Appalachians. This directive did not have the desired effect, however, and force was applied in 1752 when the important British colonial trading centre at Pickawillany on the upper Great Miami River was destroyed.

What was the French and Indian War?

It was a conflict that pitted two of history’s greatest empires, Great Britain and France, against each other for control of the North American continent. Swept up in the struggle were the inhabitants of New France, the British colonists, the Native Americans, and regular troops from France and Britain. While the major fighting occurred in New York, Pennsylvania, Canada, and Nova Scotia, the conflict had far greater implications overseas and ignited the Seven Years’ War worldwide.

Why was the French and Indian War unique?

The French and Indian War is unique, because the fighting began in North America and spread to the rest of the world. In western Pennsylvania, the order to fire the first shots of the conflict were given by none other than a young officer from Virginia named George Washington. Many men, both American and British, ...

How many people died in the French and Indian war?

These were the first shots fired during the French and Indian War and would have global ramifications. The skirmish left Jumonville and nine of his men dead, as well as twenty-one others wounded. A survivor made his way back to Fort Duquesne and reported to his superiors what had happened.

Where did the French encamp?

They encamped 50 miles to the east of the Forks in an open field known as Great Meadows. Dispatched from Fort Duquesne and heading in their direction was a small French party led by Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville with orders to obtain intelligence on the British force and if possible, demand them to leave.

Why was the New France waterway important?

This waterway was crucial for France to maintain possession of in order to keep open its line of communication with its military outposts and settlements to the south. By the late 1740s, a recent uptick in British traders moving through the region to do business with the Native Americans put New France on high alert.

What was the fortress used for during the negotiations for the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?

During King George's War, the British captured the Fortress of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia. This fortress was used as a bargaining chip during the negotiations for the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which officially ended the war. What was it that both sides wanted to obtain during the French and Indian War?

What were the three major wars between France and Great Britain?

Three major conflicts—King William’s War (1689-1697), Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713), and King George’s War (1744-1748) —had all begun in Europe and made their way to the colonies. The French and Indian War is unique, because ...

How Did the French and Indian War Start?

The French and Indian War began after a series of events in 1753 when the British ordered the French to abandon Fort LeBoeuf, which the French had built in the Pennsylvania area, because the British claimed it was located on British land.

When Did the French and Indian War Take Place?

The French and Indian War took place between 1754-1763. The war officially came to an end with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Check out this timeline of the French and Indian War for more information.

What Happened in the French and Indian War?

After the Battle of Fort Necessity in 1753, the fighting moved to Canada, when the British seized Acadia the following year, before spreading to other areas in North America, such as New York, Virginia and other parts of Canada.

What did the French government attempt to do with the British?

The French government attempted peace negotiations with the British but these negotiations failed when British officials demanded not only French cession of Canada but also commercial concessions that the French government found unreasonable.

What was the first battle of the war?

In retaliation, the French attacked the nearby Fort Necessity, which the British troops had built in anticipation of the French attack, which resulted in the first battle of the war, the Battle of Fort Necessity.

Why was the French and Indian War named after the British?

The title of the French and Indian War is a little confusing though because it makes it sound like it was a war between the French and the Indians.

Why did the British government start enacting new taxes in the colonies?

In order to raise these funds , the British government began enacting a series of new taxes in the colonies to raise revenue. The new taxes were met with resistance from the colonists, which later escalated into a full-blown rebellion, known as the American Revolution, which then led to the Revolutionary War in 1775.

What was the French and Indian War?

The title French and Indian War in the singular is used in the United States specifically for the warfare of 1754–63 , which is mostly coincident with the Seven Years' War. The French and Indian Wars were preceded by the Beaver Wars . In Quebec, the various wars are generally referred to as the Intercolonial Wars.

Why did France recognize the independence of the Indian tribes?

France recognized the independence of the Indian tribes while claiming sovereignty over their territory at the same time, as well as the right to plead the cause of their Indian allies in the face of other European powers. The French allies accepted this protectorate since it permitted self-government and a traditional lifestyle. The Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki accepted Catholicism as it confirmed their brotherhood with the French in the struggle against the British. Alongside the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki, France's chief allies were the indiens domiciliés (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France. Religious reasons and the need for a refuge from the English attack motivated their dislocation to French territory. At the end of the French and Indian wars, all resident Indians were joined in the confederation of the Seven Nations of Canada.

Why did the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki accept Catholicism?

The Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki accepted Catholicism as it confirmed their brotherhood with the French in the struggle against the British. Alongside the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki, France's chief allies were the indiens domiciliés (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France.

How were the French colonial forces organized?

The French marines were organized into independent companies called Compagnies franches. During the French and Indian War, naval gunner-bombardier companies were also stationed in North America. The other ranks of the marines were enlisted in France, but the officer corps became increasingly Canadian through recruitment of officers' sons. All promotions were by merit; purchase of commissions was prohibited. The British rangers were an attempt to replicate the tactics of the French colonial marines. The Swiss regiment de Karrer also operated under the Royal French Navy. Its depot was in Rochefort, but its companies served in North American and the Caribbean.

Why did the British have a military advantage over the French?

As the wars proceed ed, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in the fourth and last war.

Why was the Iroquois League important?

The Iroquois League played an important strategic role in the struggle between Britain and France over northeastern America because of its location east and south of Lake Ontario. The League's aggressive military and commercial policy gave the Iroquois control over large parts of the country , forcing many smaller Indian nations into submission. The Covenant Chain joined the Iroquois with the colony of New York and other British colonies in a compact that generally benefitted the parties and ultimately was disastrous for France.

What is the name of the war after the British monarch?

Canadian convention uses the name of the larger European conflict (e.g., the "War of the Grand Alliance" rather than "King William's War") or refers to the wars as the Intercolonial Wars.

What was George Washington's role in the French and Indian War?

Afterward, the wounded French leader, Ensign Joseph de Jumonville, attempted to explain through translators that the French expedition was on a peaceful mission to warn British forces about their incursions of French-claimed territory. Although accounts of the incident differ, it seems that Tanaghrisson, who bore an intense personal hatred of the French stemming from earlier war experiences, intervened in the negotiations and killed Jumonville. Expecting further French incursions, Washington then hastily constructed a fort and prepared to defend his forces, but a combined French and Indian force forced his surrender on July 3.

Why did the French and Indian War escalate the Seven Years War?

Not only was he was forced to surrender to the French and allied Indian troops, but his actions also encouraged the British to escalate these minor skirmishes with France into an outright war that would eventually migrate to Europe.

Why did the British attack Fort Le Boeuf?

Since the colony of Virginia also claimed this region, Virginian lieutenant governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Major George Washington with a small expedition to remove the French forts in late 1753. Washington arrived at Fort Le Boeuf, about 15 miles inland from present-day Erie, Pennsylvania, and delivered his message. The fort, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, received Washington and his men courteously but denied the validity of English claims to the contested region.

Why did the British Deport French Colonists from Acadia during The Great Upheaval?

By 1755, the uneasy truce between the British ruling authorities and the French colonists living in Acadia was shattered. The French colonists began moving to Acadia (modern-day Nova Scotia) in 1604, and it remained in French hands until the signing of The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The treaty handed Acadia over to Great Britain. Despite the shift, the French colonists remained in Acadia. Despite handing over Acadia to the British, starting the 1830s, tensions between France and Britain begin to rise slowly. Both France and Britain begin building forts in the regions surrounding Acadia.

What was the impact of the French Acadians on the British colony?

By 1755, British Governor Charles Lawrence decided that the French Acadians represented a significant risk to the British colony. After the French colonists refused to pledge an oath to Britain, Lawrence decided to deport the colonists from the territory. Lawrence seized all of the colonists' property, burned their crops, and forced the colonists at the point of bayonets to board ships bound for the southern British colonies. In the first wave of deportations, over 1,000 Acadians were deported. This forced exodus continued until 1763. Bu 1763, over 10,000 Acadians were forcibly deported by the British. Thousands of the Acadians died during this deportation.

Why did Newcastle change the plan of the war?

Other political leaders wanted a bigger war, and so they publicly announced Newcastle’s plans and changed the original plan so that Braddock would command more forces and order the fractious North American colonies to provide additional support against the French. Once the plans had been publicly announced, the French government moved quickly to dispatch reinforcements to North America and further pursued negotiations to diplomatically isolate the British government by winning over its traditional European allies. Once military forces were underway, the war was inevitable.

When did the French destroy Fort Duquesne?

Aided by such reports, the French soon learned of the British fort that William Trent and his small group of men were constructing, and French forces moved swiftly to compel its surrender on April 17, 1754. The French destroyed the unfinished fort, building in its place the much more formidable Fort Duquesne.

Overview

Nomenclature

In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War. There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War. This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Ye…

Background

Course of war

Peace

Consequences

See also

Footnotes