who was pope in 2005

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Who was the pope from 2005 to 2013?

Benedict XVI, original name Joseph Alois Ratzinger, (born April 16, 1927, Marktl am Inn, Germany), bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church (2005–13). Prior to his election as pope, Benedict led a distinguished career as a theologian and as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Why was pope Benedict removed?

Benedict cited declining health due to old age. The conclave to select his successor began on 12 March 2013 and elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, who took the name of Francis.

Who was the pope in 2004?

Pope John Paul IIPope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005, and was later canonised as Pope ...

Who was the pope in 2006?

Pope Benedict XVIPope Benedict XVIBenedict XVI in 2007ChurchCatholic ChurchPapacy began19 April 2005Papacy ended28 February 201336 more rows

Why did Pope Francis step down?

Pope Francis, who has raised the possibility of retiring for reasons of declining health, has praised the humility of a 13th-century pontiff who was one of the few in history to step down rather than rule for life.

Has a pope ever been assassinated?

Pope John VIII John VIII was the first pope to be assassinated during a particularly turbulent century that would see multiple claimants to the papacy and a succession of violent papal deaths.

Who was the pope in 2003?

John Paul IIIn 2003, John Paul II marked the 25th year of his papacy. In the 2,000-year history of the church, no other pope has traveled as far.

Who was the last pope to be assassinated?

The Pope was struck twice and suffered severe blood loss. Ağca was apprehended immediately and later sentenced to life in prison by an Italian court....Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II.Pope John Paul II assassination attemptLocationSt. Peter's Square, Vatican CityDate13 May 1981TargetPope John Paul IIAttack typeShooting4 more rows

Who was the youngest pope?

Pope Benedict IXPope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048. Aged approximately 20 at his first election, he is one of the youngest popes in history.

Which popes have been assassinated?

Murdered popesJohn VIII (872–882), allegedly poisoned and then clubbed to death.Stephen VI (896–897), strangled.Leo V (903), allegedly strangled.John X (914–928), allegedly smothered with pillow.John XII (955–964), allegedly murdered by the jealous husband of the woman with whom he was in bed.More items...

Who was the longest serving pope?

Pope Pius IXPope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX, Pio Nono; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign.

How rich is the Pope Francis?

Though he presides over coffers that conservatively are worth at least $8 billion, Francis seems uninterested in spending, a radically different approach from most of his predecessors. He isn't anti-capitalist, but he emphasizes mindfulness in spending, whether personal or corporate.

Which popes have been assassinated?

Murdered popesJohn VIII (872–882), allegedly poisoned and then clubbed to death.Stephen VI (896–897), strangled.Leo V (903), allegedly strangled.John X (914–928), allegedly smothered with pillow.John XII (955–964), allegedly murdered by the jealous husband of the woman with whom he was in bed.More items...

What does the pope think of Islam?

The Pope also praised Islam as a peaceful faith and expressed support for Turkey's bid to join the EU.

Where is Pope Benedict XVI now?

the Vatican CityPope Benedict XVI stepped down in 2013, becoming the first pope to do so in 600 years. He has lived in a monastery in the Vatican City since then.

Who was the first pope to resign?

1045: Pope Benedict IX was the first pope to very clearly step down. (Earlier accounts are fuzzy, historically.) This Benedict was apparently quite a handful. His resignation was a business deal of sorts: he sold his seat for a large sum of money to the Archpriest John Gratain.

Early life

Karol Józef Wojtyła was born in the Polish town of Wadowice. He was the youngest of three children born to Karol Wojtyła (1879–1941), an ethnic Pole, and Emilia Kaczorowska (1884–1929), who was of distant Lithuanian heritage. Emilia, who was a schoolteacher, died from a heart attack and kidney failure in 1929 when Wojtyła was eight years old.

Priesthood

After finishing his studies at the seminary in Kraków, Wojtyła was ordained as a priest on All Saints' Day, 1 November 1946, by the Archbishop of Kraków, Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha.

Episcopate and cardinalate

On 4 July 1958, while Wojtyła was on a kayaking holiday in the lakes region of northern Poland, Pope Pius XII appointed him as an auxiliary bishop of Kraków. He was consequently summoned to Warsaw to meet the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, who informed him of his appointment.

Papacy

The newly elected John Paul II stands on the balcony at St. Peter's Basilica on 16 October 1978 in Vatican City.

Teachings

As pope, John Paul II wrote 14 papal encyclicals and taught about sexuality in what is referred as the " Theology of the Body ". Some key elements of his strategy to "reposition the Catholic Church" were encyclicals such as Ecclesia de Eucharistia, Reconciliatio et paenitentia and Redemptoris Mater.

Reform of canon law

John Paul II completed a full-scale reform of the Catholic Church's legal system, Latin and Eastern, and a reform of the Roman Curia.

Catechism of the Catholic Church

On 11 October 1992, in his apostolic constitution Fidei depositum ( The Deposit of Faith ), John Paul ordered the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church .

What happened to Pope John Paul II?

In February 2005, the pope was hospitalized with complications from the flu. He died two months later. Pope John Paul II is remembered for his successful efforts to end communism, as well as for building bridges with peoples of other faiths, and issuing the Catholic Church's first apology for its actions during World War II.

Who shot Pope John Paul II?

On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot in St. Peter's Square by a Turkish political extremist, Mehmet Ali Agca. After his release from the hospital, the pope famously visited his would-be assassin in prison, where he had begun serving a life sentence, and personally forgave him for his actions. The next year, another unsuccessful attempt was made on the pope's life, this time by a fanatical priest who opposed the reforms of Vatican II.

How many people attended Pope John Paul II's funeral?

Six days later, two million people packed Vatican City for his funeral, said to be one of the biggest in history. John Paul II was born Karol Jozef Wojtyla in Wadowice, Poland, 35 miles southwest of Krakow, in 1920.

What happened to Wojtyla's mother?

By 1941, his mother, father, and only brother had all died, leaving him the sole surviving member of his family.

What was John Paul II's opposition to?

A conservative pontiff, John Paul II's papacy was marked by his firm and unwavering opposition to communism and war, as well as abortion, contraception, capital punishment and homosexual sex. He later came out against euthanasia, human cloning and stem cell research.

How many languages did Pope John Paul II speak?

He traveled widely as pope, using the eight languages he spoke (Polish, Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese and Latin) and his well-known personal charm, to connect with the Catholic faithful, as well as many outside the fold. On May 13, 1981, Pope John Paul II was shot in St.

When did Pope Pius XII make him auxiliary bishop of Krakow?

He went on to complete two doctorates and became a professor of moral theology and social ethics. On July 4, 1958, at the age of 38, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Krakow by Pope Pius XII.

Where was the first pope born?

First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.

Who was the first historian to number the popes continuously?

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time.

What is the name of the first pope to be depicted with a papal tiara?

Italian. " Saeculum obscurum " begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara .

Why were the numbering of the popes mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages?

However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.

What is the meaning of the term "Pope"?

The term pope ( Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope ).

When is the feast day of the Pope?

Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.

When was the feast day of the first Roman pope?

First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

Who is the longest living pope?

He plays the piano and has a preference for Mozart and Bach. On 4 September 2020, Benedict XVI became the longest-lived person to have held the office of pope, at 93 years, 4 months, 16 days, surpassing Leo XIII, who died in 1903.

How many people were in Pope Benedict's inaugural mass?

During his inaugural Mass, the previous custom of every cardinal submitting to the Pope was replaced by having twelve people, including cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and newly confirmed people, greet him. (The cardinals had formally sworn their obedience upon his election.) He began using an open-topped papal car, saying that he wanted to be closer to the people. Benedict continued the tradition of his predecessor John Paul II and baptised several infants in the Sistine Chapel at the beginning of each year, on the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, in his pastoral role as Bishop of Rome.

Why did Pope Benedict choose the name Benedict?

Ratzinger chose the pontifical name Benedict, which comes from the Latin word meaning "the blessed", in honour of both Benedict XV and Saint Benedict of Nursia. Benedict XV was pope during the First World War, during which time he passionately pursued peace between the warring nations. St. Benedict of Nursia was the founder of the Benedictine monasteries (most monasteries of the Middle Ages were of the Benedictine order) and the author of the Rule of Saint Benedict, which is still the most influential writing regarding the monastic life of Western Christianity. The Pope explained his choice of name during his first general audience in St. Peter's Square, on 27 April 2005:

Why did Benedict XVI approve the Doctrine of the Faith?

Near the end of June 2007, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a document approved by Benedict XVI "because some contemporary theological interpretations of Vatican II 's ecumenical intent had been 'erroneous or ambiguous' and had prompted confusion and doubt." The document has been seen as restating "key sections of a 2000 text the pope wrote when he was prefect of the congregation, Dominus Iesus ."

What did Benedict XVI do during his papacy?

During his papacy, Benedict XVI advocated a return to fundamental Christian values to counter the increased secularisation of many Western countries. He views relativism 's denial of objective truth, and the denial of moral truths in particular, as the central problem of the 21st century.

What did Ratzinger say about the Church?

In 1966, Ratzinger was appointed to a chair in dogmatic theology at the University of Tübingen, where he was a colleague of Hans Küng. In his 1968 book Introduction to Christianity, he wrote that the pope has a duty to hear differing voices within the Church before making a decision, and he downplayed the centrality of the papacy. During this time, he distanced himself from the atmosphere of Tübingen and the Marxist leanings of the student movement of the 1960s that quickly radicalised, in the years 1967 and 1968, culminating in a series of disturbances and riots in April and May 1968. Ratzinger came increasingly to see these and associated developments (such as decreasing respect for authority among his students) as connected to a departure from traditional Catholic teachings. Despite his reformist bent, his views increasingly came to contrast with the liberal ideas gaining currency in theological circles. He was invited by Rev. Theodore Hesburgh to join the theology faculty at the University of Notre Dame, but declined on grounds that his English was not good enough.

What did Pope Benedict do to the Catholic Church?

Benedict also revived a number of traditions, including elevating the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position. He strengthened the relationship between the Catholic Church and art, promoted the use of Latin, and reintroduced traditional papal vestments, for which reason he was called "the pope of aesthetics".

Who was the runner up in the 2005 Conclave?

Profile: New pope, Jesuit Bergoglio, was runner-up in 2005 conclave. This article appears in the Conclave 2013 feature series. View the full series. Rome — In the days leading up to the conclave, John Allen offered a profile each day of one of the most frequently touted papabili, or men who could be pope. On March 3, he profiled Cardinal Jorge ...

Who was the Cardinal who challenged Joseph Ratzinger?

By that measure alone, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, Argentina, at least merits a look. After the dust settled from the election of Benedict XVI, various reports identified the Argentine Jesuit as the main challenger to then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. One cardinal later said the conclave had been "something ...

How many votes did Bergoglio get in the conclave?

One cardinal later said the conclave had been "something of a horse race" between Ratzinger and Bergoglio, and an anonymous conclave diary splashed across the Italian media in September 2005 claimed that Bergoglio received 40 votes on the third ballot, just before Ratzinger crossed the two-thirds threshold and became pope.

What did Bergoglio insisted on?

As the Jesuit provincial, Bergoglio insisted on a more traditional reading of Ignatian spirituality, mandating that Jesuits continue to staff parishes and act as chaplains rather than moving into "base communities" and political activism.

How many points did Bergoglio have in 2013?

The case for Bergoglio in 2013 rests on four points.

What did Bergoglio do in 2005?

Back in 2005, Bergoglio drew high marks as an accomplished intellectual, having studied theology in Germany. His leading role during the Argentine economic crisis burnished his reputation as a voice of conscience, and made him a potent symbol of the costs globalization can impose on the world's poor.

How old is Bergoglio?

All of that by way of saying, Bergoglio was definitely on the radar screen. Of course he's eight years older now, and at 76 is probably outside the age window many cardinals would see as ideal. Further, the fact he couldn't get over the hump last time may convince some cardinals there's no point going back to the well.

Who was the Pope in 2013?

A nun looks at front pages showing newly elected Pope at a newsstand near the Vatican. Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who chose the name of Pope Francis, was elected the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church on Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Photograph: Emilio Morenatti/AP.

Who was the first Pope in 600 years?

Pope Francis is a Pope of firsts: first Francis and first Pope from Latin America. He's also the first pope in 600 years to take office after one who has resigned: Pope Benedict XVI shocked the Catholic world when he resigned.

Where did the Popes come from?

What can we learn from this data? Of the 266 Popes listed below, 88 came from Rome and the majority (196) came from Italy. Gregory V (3 May 996 - 18 February 999) was the first German Pope before Benedict XVI. And Sylvester II who succeeded him in 999 was French. Adrian IV (4 December 1154 - 1 September 1159) from Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, was the first and only English Pope. Francis is the first and only Argentinian Pope.

How many Popes were there in Rome?

Of the 266 Popes listed below, 88 came from Rome and the majority (196) came from Italy. Gregory V (3 May 996 - 18 February 999) was the first German Pope before Benedict XVI. And Sylvester II who succeeded him in 999 was French. Adrian IV (4 December 1154 - 1 September 1159) from Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, was the first and only English Pope.

How old is Benedict XVI?

Benedict XVI has been elected at the age of 78. He is the 7th oldest Pope at the time of election. Another Clement named Pope Clement XI (23 November 1700 - 19 March 1721) is the youngest of the list. He has been elected at the age of 51.

How long did Pius IX reign?

Pius IX (1846-1878) held the pontificate for 31 years, 7 months and 23 days. John Paul II comes right after with 26 years, 5 months and 18 days in power. At the bottom of the ranking comes Urban VII (15-27 September 1590) who reigned for only 13 days and died before coronation. John Paul I (26 August – 28 September 1978) only reigned for 33 calendar days.

How old was Leo XIII when he died?

He has been elected at the age of 51. Leo XIII (1878) reached the Canonic age of 93 years old when he died He is the oldest in the whole history of Papacy. The average age at the time of election is 65. 78 is the most common age to die, the average for holding power is 2,451 days - or 7 years.

Who is the Pope?

The pope ( Latin: papa, from Greek: πάππας, romanized : pappas, "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff ( Pontifex maximus) or the Roman pontiff ( Romanus Pontifex ), is the bishop of Rome, head of the worldwide Catholic Church and head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State.

Who was the Pope in the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages. Gregory the Great ( c. 540–604) who established medieval themes in the Church, in a painting by Carlo Saraceni, c. 1610, Rome. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the pope served as a source of authority and continuity. Pope Gregory I ( c. 540–604) administered the church with strict reform.

What is the papal interregnum?

The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum —that is, a sede vacante ("vacant seat") —were promulgated by Pope John Paul II in his 1996 document Universi Dominici Gregis. During the "sede vacante" period, the College of Cardinals is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church; however, canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the Holy See. Any decision that requires the assent of the pope has to wait until the new pope has been elected and accepts office.

How long did the Pope's reign last?

There have been a number of popes whose reign lasted about a month or less. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. Thus, for example, if a pope's reign commenced on 1 August and he died on 2 August, this would count as having reigned for two calendar days.

What was the first edict of Milan?

The Edict of Milan in 313 granted freedom to all religions in the Roman Empire , beginning the Peace of the Church. In 325, the First Council of Nicaea condemned Arianism, declaring trinitarianism dogmatic, and in its sixth canon recognized the special role of the Sees of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. Great defenders of Trinitarian faith included the popes, especially Pope Liberius, who was exiled to Berea by Constantius II for his Trinitarian faith, Damasus I, and several other bishops.

Why is the Black Pope called the Black Pope?

This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the "White Pope" (since the time of Pius V the popes dress in white) and the cardinal prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the "Red Pope" in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia, but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where Protestants or Eastern Christianity was dominant. Some remnants of this situation remain, with the result that, for instance, New Zealand is still in the care of this Congregation.

When was the Pope's authority established?

The status and authority of the pope in the Catholic Church was dogmatically defined by the First Vatican Council on 18 July 1870. In its Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ, the council established the following canons:

Overview

Early life

Priesthood

Episcopate and cardinalate

Papacy

Teachings

Reform of canon law

Catechism of the Catholic Church