Stats 101 - Introduction To Statistics
- Statistics’ One Big Idea: The Normal Curve. If there is one big idea to understand in statistics, it is the normal distribution or normal curve, sometimes also known as a ...
- The Standard Deviation. ...
- Descriptive Statistics. ...
- Central Tendency: Mean, Median, And Mode. ...
- Dispersion: Variance And Standard Deviation. ...
- Inferential Statistics. ...
- Correlation. ...
- Regression. ...
What is the best way to learn statistics?
- through the basic books of statistics.
- Try Khan academy. Also other online video series.
- Take a offline/online tutor for your thorough study.
- If you have particular questions, do not hesitate to post your questions.
What is introductory statistics?
Introductory Statistics follows scope and sequence requirements of a one-semester introduction to statistics course and is geared toward students majoring in fields other than math or engineering. The text assumes some knowledge of intermediate algebra and focuses on statistics application over theory. Introductory Statistics includes innovative practical applications that make the text ...
Is intro to stats easy?
It’s a very useful class - basic knowledge of statistics is extremely useful in things like calculating your grades, understanding curves, etc. People say that statistics is easy. It is true that most community colleges (and even some universities) really dumb the curriculum down.
Is introduction to statistics hard?
Yes, the knowledge is necessary, but it is not sufficient. Statistics doesn’t make sense to students because it is taught out of context. Most people don’t really learn statistics until they start analyzing data in their own research. Yes, it makes those classes tough. You need to acquire the knowledge before you can truly understand it.
What can you learn from statistics?
Statistics helps you learn to think like a scientist. It can help train your mind to think about how data is organized, hypotheses, and what samples of data mean. The skill sets that you practice and apply in a statistics class can be transferred and used in many different subject areas.
Is Introduction to statistics easy?
It may be difficult at first, but it is just like learning a new language; once the basics are understood and practiced, it becomes much easier and almost second nature over time. Statistics does not deserve the bad reputation that it has been given because at its core, it is not a very difficult class.
Why is it important for students to learn statistics?
To summarize, the five reasons to study statistics are to be able to effectively conduct research, to be able to read and evaluate journal articles, to further develop critical thinking and analytic skills, to act a an informed consumer, and to know when you need to hire outside statistical help.
What is the most important thing to learn in statistics?
The three essential elements of statistics are measurement, comparison, and variation. Randomness is one way to supply variation, and it's one way to model variation, but it's not necessary.
Is statistics harder than math?
Statistics stands out as being the more difficult type of math mostly because of the abstract concepts and ideas that you will get to later on in your study. You will find that when you start to actually try and understand what is going on in a statistics equation or problem, the concepts are very complicated.
How do I pass my statistics class?
To pass your statistics class, you'll want to focus on these five things:Refreshing your knowledge of foundational concepts.Mastering statistics fundamentals.Using your time wisely.Getting help early if you need it.Not stressing about the course.
What is the purpose of statistics?
The main purpose of using statistics is to plan the collected data in terms of experimental designs and statistical surveys. Statistics is considered a mathematical science that works with numerical data. In short, statistics is a crucial process which helps to make the decision based on the data.
How will statistics help me in life?
It is mostly used to keep records, calculate probabilities, and provide knowledge. Basically, it helps us understand the world a little bit better through numbers and other quantitative information.
What is statistics in your own words?
1 : a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. 2 : a collection of quantitative data.
What are three importance of statistics?
Statistics plays a vital role in every field of human activity. Statistics helps in determining the existing position of per capita income, unemployment, population growth rates, housing, schooling medical facilities, etc., in a country.
Is statistics a hard college course?
Introduction to statistics or elementary statistics will most likely be a class unlike any other you have taken in college or in high school. It's a challenging course with a lot of concepts mixed with algebra and reading comprehension.
How do you write an introduction in statistics?
Use layman words artistically, and proofread everything you write as a disinterested reader.Second, Outline the goals of the project, keep it short and crisp.Third, make a thesis statement, list out probable results and what you hope to achieve with the information, and possible uses for your data.More items...•
Is college algebra difficult?
College algebra is usually a pre-requisite for higher level math courses and science degrees. Although it can be a little bit tricky, mastering these concepts is necessary to moving forward in math. There is no fast and simple way to pass college algebra.
What is the meaning of statistics in math?
Definition of statistics 1 : a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. 2 : a collection of quantitative data.
What are the two methods used in computer intensive statistical inference?
This module focuses on the two main methods used in computer-intensive statistical inference: The Monte Carlo method, and the Bootstrap method. You will learn about the theoretic principles behind these methods and how they are applied in different contexts, such as regression and constructing confidence intervals.
What are the three statistical analyses for categorical data?
This module focuses on the three important statistical analysis for categorical data: Chi-Square Goodness of Fit test, Chi-Square test of Homogeneity, and Chi-Square test of Independence.
Why do I want to learn new things?
I want to learn new things, because that’s what brings joy to my life. With Coursera, I can meet and interact with others who feel the same way.
How big is Stanford University?
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is an American private research university located in Stanford, California on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus near Palo Alto, California, United States.
How is Statistics Used?
Statistics can be used to explain things in a precise way. You can use it to understand and make conclusions about the group that you want to know more about. This group is called the population.
Why is statistics important?
Statistics gives us more accurate knowledge which helps us make better decisions. Statistics can focus on making predictions about what will happen in the future. It can also focus on explaining how different things are connected. Note: Good statistical explanations are also useful for predictions.
What can you tell from knowing what types of data are available?
Knowing which types of data are available can tell you what kinds of questions you can answer with statistical methods.
What is the purpose of collecting data about a population?
Gathering data about the population will give you a sample. This is a part of the whole population. Statistical methods are then used on that sample.
What are the steps of statistical methods?
Typical Steps of Statistical Methods. The typical steps are: Gathering data. Describing and visualizing data. Making conclusions. It is important to keep all three steps in mind for any questions we want more knowledge about. Knowing which types of data are available can tell you what kinds of questions you can answer with statistical methods.
What does "statistics" mean?
Note: The word 'statistic' can also refer to specific bits of knowledge; like the average value of something.
Can you do statistical analysis without a computer?
Statistical analysis is typically done with computers. Small amounts of data can analyzed reasonably well without computers.
Why is statistics important?
Statistics makes work easy and simple and provides a clear and clean picture of work you do on a regular basis.
What are the different types of statistics?
Types of Statistics : 1. Descriptive Statistics : Descriptive statistics uses data that provides a description of the population either through numerical calculation or graph or table. It provides a graphical summary of data. It is simply used for summarizing objects, etc.
What is the definition of statistics?
Introduction of Statistics and its Types. Statistics simply means numerical data, and is field of math that generally deals with collection of data, tabulation, and interpretation of numerical data. It is actually a form of mathematical analysis that uses different quantitative models to produce a set of experimental data or studies of real life.
What is statistical analysis?
It is actually a form of mathematical analysis that uses different quantitative models to produce a set of experimental data or studies of real life. It is an area of applied mathematics concern with data collection analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistics deals with how data can be used to solve complex problems.
What is hypothesis testing?
Hypothesis testing is a type of inferential procedure that takes help of sample data to evaluate and assess credibility of a hypothesis about a population. Inferential statistics are generally used to determine how strong relationship is within sample.
How does inferential statistics work?
Inferential statistics is used to test how likely it is that an individual is a part of another population and whether a particular factor has an impact on some other factor. An almost unlimited number of different inferential statistical tests have been developed to analyze data, but the most commonly used are listed below.
What is descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics describes a dataset in declarative terms and provides a summary view of the dataset that is often more revealing than looking at the data directly. These kinds of statistics describe the distribution of values (range) in the dataset, their tendency to cluster around the middle values, called the central tendency (mean, median, and mode), and how the values are dispersed around the middle values (variance and standard deviation).
How to tell if two factors are related?
Regression is another test that can see if two or more factors in a dataset are related to one another and additionally can interpolate one value of one factor from a value for the other that is not actually in the dataset. Suppose we have a dataset containing two factors, education level and income. A correlation test yielded a coefficient +.5, meaning that the two factors are positively correlated. We want to know what the income might be if a person had 7 years of schooling, so we run a regression test to interpolate an income from all of the other pairs of education and schooling in the dataset.
What would happen if we were to measure the SAT scores of a group of Ivy League students?
For example, if we were to measure the SAT scores of a group of Ivy League students, we would expect their scores to be close to the average and the standard deviation to be low. The SAT scores of a high-school class are likely to be more varied and to diverge from the average, yielding a high SD.
What is stats 101?
Stats 101 - Introduction To Statistics. Statistics is the process of converting data into information that is usable to people. Collections of numbers are difficult for people to make sense of directly. Statistics is a collection of tools that help people understand the meaning of quantitative data. These tools can compare datasets ...
What is the average IQ score?
As an example, intelligence quotient (IQ) tests have a mean average score of 100 points and a standard deviation of 15 points. This means that 68% of people scored between 85 and 115 on the tests (±1 SD), that 95% of people score between 70 and 130 on the tests (±2 SD), and 99.7% of people score between 55 and 145 on the tests (±3 SD). This means that there is a 0.3% chance that someone will score under 55 or over 145, making these people rare indeed.
What is standard deviation?
The Standard Deviation. The standard deviation (SD) is a measurement of how much variability there is in a dataset. This is measured by seeing how far each individual value is from the mean average, and it gives a good clue about whether the average is representative of all the members of the dataset.
Course Prerequisites
Grade S in Math 090 (Intermediate Algebra) or appropriate score on the department placement test.
Course Description
STAT 101 is an introductory course in statistics intended for students in a wide variety of areas of study. Topics discussed include displaying and describing data, the normal curve, regression, probability, statistical inference, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests with applications in the real world.
Course Materials
The Basic Practice of Statistics by Moore, 8th edition, published by MacMillan. Custom edition (available only from the UIC Bookstore) includes only sections covered in this course. Note that an Achieve code is required for the course while the printed textbook is optional.
Observing Outcomes of Events
- Some data, such as air pollution levels and bird migration paths, are observed through real-life situations. 1. Air pollution levels are observed by taking random air samples. 2. A bird migration path is traced by tagging a sample population of birds with identification numbers.
Conducting Surveys
- We usually conduct surveys to gather personal data and public opinion by requesting sample populations of target groups to complete a questionnaire. The survey may be performed through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, postal surveys, or Internet surveys. 1. The United States Census is a \(100\% \) population survey that is conducted once in \(10\) years 2. Custo…
Reading Statistical Publications
- Some data such as economic conditions and a country’s population are obtained by conducting large-scale surveys that individuals or small companies cannot do. We can receive these types of data from official statistics published by government organisations. The United Nations Statistical Yearbook contains a wide range of international economic, social, and environmental data.
Important Terms Related to Statistics
- Some of the important terms related to statistics are as follows: 1. Primary Data: The information collectedby the collector himself with a definite purpose in their mind is called primary data. 2. Secondary Data: The information gathered from a source already stored is called secondary data. 3. Raw Data: The numerical data recorded in its original form as collected by the investigator or r…
Types of Statistics
- There are mainly two types of statistics, and they are; 1. Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics uses data that describes the population either through numerical calculation or graph or table. It provides a graphical summary of data. It is used for summarising objects. 2. Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics make inferences and predictions about the population based on …
Tabulation of Raw Data
- Suppose there are \(32\) students in Class \({\rm{IX}}\) in a school and in an examination, out of \(50\) marks, the marks obtained by them are as follows: \(39,44,25,11,21,25,44,25,7,40,43,44,49,14,11,14,25,28,28,39,44,37,21,40,\) \(43,3,37,25,25,21,37,38\) The data in this form is the raw (or ungrouped or unclassified) data. H…
mean, Median and Mode of Ungrouped Data
- The mean or arithmetic average of a number of observations is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number of observations. Mean \( = \frac{{{x_1} + {x_2} + {x_3} + \ldots {x_n}}}{n} = \frac{{\sum {{x_i}} }}{n},\) where \(\sum {{x_i}} = {x_{1 + }}{x_{2 + }}{x_{3 + }}{x_{4 + }} \ldots \ldots {x_n}.\) Thus, mean \( = \frac{{{\rm{ Sum}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{all}}\,{\rm{observati…
grouped Or Classified Data
- Consider the class intervals \(1-5, 6-10, 11-15,….\) And the other class interval as \(1-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40,….\) In the class interval \(1-5, 1\) is the lower limit, and \(5\) is the upper limit. If \(x\) is a member of this class, then \(1≤x≤5.\) Similarly, \(6\) is the lower limit, and \(10\) is the upper limit of class \(6-10.\) In this example, the classes are not overlapping but discontinuous. Such …
Converting Discrete Distribution to Continuous Distribution
- If we measure height, weight and time, there may be fractions of a meter, kilogram and hour respectively, therefore we need continuous distribution. To convert discrete classes into continuous classes, we require some adjustments. Adjustment factor\( = \frac{{{\rm{ lower}}\,{\rm{limit}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{one}}\,{\rm{class – upper}}\,{\rm{limit}}\,{\rm{of}}\,{\rm{pre…