The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again". The roughly 200 species of ruminants include both domestic and wild species.
What is another word for ruminate?
the synonyms of “ruminate” are: chew over, contemplate, excogitate, meditate, mull, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, speculate, think over, think about, consider, give thought to, give consideration to, meditate on, muse on, ponder on, ponder over, deliberate about, deliberate on, cogitate about, cogitate on, dwell on, brood on, brood over, …
What does the name ruminating mean?
Rumination occurs when you have constant and repetitive thoughts about something; typically, a problem or situation. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, rumination is defined as “obsessive thinking about an idea, situation, or choice especially when it interferes with normal mental functioning.”
What is the meaning of ruminate?
Some common synonyms of ruminate are meditate, muse, and ponder. While all these words mean "to consider or examine attentively or deliberately," ruminate implies going over the same matter in one's thoughts again and again but suggests little of either purposive thinking or rapt absorption. ruminated on past disappointments
What does Ruminantia mean?
Ruminants (suborder Ruminantia) are large hoofed herbivorous grazing or browsing mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions. The process, which takes place in the front part of the digestive system and therefore is called foregut fermentation, typically requires the ...
What does it mean when a person is ruminating?
Rumination is defined as engaging in a repetitive negative thought process that loops continuously in the mind without end or completion. The pattern can be distressing, difficult to stop, and unusually involves repeating a negative thought or trying to solve an evasive problem.
What happens if you ruminate?
The process of continuously thinking about the same thoughts, which tend to be sad or dark, is called rumination. A habit of rumination can be dangerous to your mental health, as it can prolong or intensify depression as well as impair your ability to think and process emotions.
What causes people to ruminate?
Many different mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may involve ruminating thoughts. However, in some cases, rumination may just occur in the wake of a specific traumatic event, such as a failed relationship.
Is ruminating a mental illness?
Rumination is sometimes referred to as a "silent" mental health problem because its impact is often underestimated. But it plays a big part in anything from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to eating disorders.
How do you tell if you are ruminating?
Signs and Symptoms of RuminationExcessive talking about a painful topic.Excessive thinking about a painful topic or behavior.Sadness.Numbness.Irritability.Mood swings.Concentration problems.Loss of interest in usual activities.More items...•
What are the two types of rumination?
Types and content of thoughtsState rumination, which involves dwelling on the consequences and feelings associated with the failure. ... Action rumination, which consists of task-oriented thought processes focused on goal-achievement and correction of mistakes.More items...
What is the best medication for ruminating thoughts?
SSRIs and SNRIs for depression have shown efficacy and would likely help severe rumination....MedicationsFluoxetine (Prozac)Sertraline (Zoloft)Citalopram (Celexa)Escitalopram (Lexapro)Paroxetine (Paxil)Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
What are the 4 phases of rumination?
This is known as rumination, which consists of the regurgitation of feed, rechewing, resalivation, and reswallowing.
Is rumination the same as overthinking?
Ruminating—or rehashing the same things over and over again—isn't helpful. But, when you're overthinking, you might find yourself replaying a conversation in your head repeatedly or imagining something bad happening many times. As your mental health declines, you are more likely you are to ruminate on your thoughts.
Is rumination a form of anxiety?
As you may already suspect, rumination is actually quite common in both anxiety and depression. Similarly, it is also typically present in other mental health conditions such as phobias, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Is ruminating part of PTSD?
Rumination is a transdiagnostic process evident in individuals with PTSD. Our review identified six sub-groups of studies, cross-sectional and longitudinal. Across studies, rumination was correlated with and predicted PTSD symptoms.
Is ruminating a trauma response?
Abstract. Recent studies have shown that rumination is a powerful predictor of persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, to date, the mechanisms by which rumination maintains PTSD symptoms are little understood.
Is it normal to ruminate?
Myth: Rumination is a rare condition. Rumination is extremely common. Everyone has experienced ruminating thoughts at some time in their lives. It's normal to have positive and negative ruminations.
How do you get out of rumination?
If so, these tips might be a great place to start.Identify the source of your rumination. ... Allow yourself to feel the emotions. ... Determine what you can control. ... Ground yourself in the present moment. ... Name your rumination. ... Get out of your mind and into your body. ... Practice positive affirmations. ... Try to be actionable.More items...
How long does rumination last for?
It can be preceded with a feeling you are about to burp. Regurgitation of food typically occurs within minutes after a meal but can continue for 1-2 hours at meals with both liquids and solid food. People sometimes describe their symptoms as vomiting.
Is ruminating part of ADHD?
Obsessing and ruminating are often part of living with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No matter how hard you try to ignore them, those negative thoughts just keep coming back, replaying themselves in an infinite loop.
What are the physiological features of ruminants?
Ruminating animals have various physiological features that enable them to survive in nature. One feature of ruminants is their continuously growing teeth. During grazing, the silica content in forage causes abrasion of the teeth. This abrasion is compensated for by continuous tooth growth throughout the ruminant's life, as opposed to humans or other nonruminants, whose teeth stop growing after a particular age. Most ruminants do not have upper incisors; instead, they have a thick dental pad to thoroughly chew plant-based food. Another feature of ruminants is the large ruminal storage capacity that gives them the ability to consume feed rapidly and complete the chewing process later. This is known as rumination, which consists of the regurgitation of feed, rechewing, resalivation, and reswallowing. Rumination reduces particle size, which enhances microbial function and allows the digesta to pass more easily through the digestive tract.
What is the ruminantamorpha?
Ruminantia is a crown group of ruminants within the order Artiodactyla, cladistically defined by Spaulding et al. as "the least inclusive clade that includes Bos taurus (cow) and Tragulus napu (mouse deer)". Ruminantiamorpha is a higher-level clade of artiodactyls, cladistics|cladistically defined by Spaulding et al. as "Ruminantia plus all extinct taxa more closely related to extant members of Ruminantia than to any other living species." This is a stem-based definition for Ruminantiamorpha, and is more inclusive than the crown group Ruminantia. As a crown group, Ruminantia only includes the last common ancestor of all extant (living) ruminants and their descendants (living or extinct ), whereas Ruminantiamorpha, as a stem group, also includes more basal extinct ruminant ancestors that are more closely related to living ruminants than to other members of Artiodactyla. When considering only living taxons ( neontology ), this makes Ruminantiamorpha and Ruminantia synonymous, and only Ruminantia is used. Thus, Ruminantiamorpha is only used in the context of paleontology. Accordingly, Spaulding grouped some genera of the extinct family Anthracotheriidae within Ruminantiamorpha (but not in Ruminantia), but placed others within Ruminantiamorpha's sister clade, Cetancodontamorpha.
How do ruminants get nutrients?
Ruminants ( suborder Ruminantia) are large hoofed herbivorous grazing or browsing mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principal ly through microbial actions . The process, which takes place in the front part of the digestive system and therefore is called foregut fermentation, typically requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud) to be regurgitated and chewed again. The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again".
Where is digesta located in a ruminant?
The abomasum is the direct equivalent of the monogastric stomach, and digesta is digested here in much the same way. This compartment releases acids and enzymes that further digest the material passing through. This is also where the ruminant digests the microbes produced in the rumen. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption. The surface area of the digesta is greatly increased here because of the villi that are in the small intestine. This increased surface area allows for greater nutrient absorption. Microbes produced in the reticulorumen are also digested in the small intestine. After the small intestine is the large intestine. The major roles here are breaking down mainly fiber by fermentation with microbes, absorption of water (ions and minerals) and other fermented products, and also expelling waste. Fermentation continues in the large intestine in the same way as in the reticulorumen.
What are the three main categories of ruminants?
Hofmann and Stewart divided ruminants into three major categories based on their feed type and feeding habits: concentrate selectors, intermediate types, and grass/roughage eaters, with the assumption that feeding habits in ruminants cause morphological differences in their digestive systems, including salivary glands, rumen size, and rumen papillae. However, Woodall found that there is little correlation between the fiber content of a ruminant's diet and morphological characteristics, meaning that the categorical divisions of ruminants by Hofmann and Stewart warrant further research.
How much carbon does a ruminant consume?
As bacteria conduct fermentation in the rumen, they consume about 10% of the carbon, 60% of the phosphorus, and 80% of the nitrogen that the ruminant ingests. To reclaim these nutrients, the ruminant then digests the bacteria in the abomasum.
What is the process of rechewing a cud?
The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again". The roughly 200 species of ruminants include both domestic and wild species.
What does "ruminating" mean?
1 formal : to think carefully and deeply about something The question got us ruminating on the real value of wealth. He ruminated over/about the implications of their decision.
Where does the word "ruminari" come from?
Our English word derives from and shares the meanings of the Latin ruminari, which in turn derives from "rumen," the Latin name for the first stomach compartment of ruminant animals (that is, creatures like cows that chew their cud).
Is ruminating a metaphor?
Figurative ruminating is much more palatable to humans; that kind of deep, meditative thought is often deemed quite a worthy activity. The verb "ruminate" has described metaphorical chewing over since the 1500s and actual chewing since the early 1600s.
What does ruminate mean?
To ruminate is to carefully think something over, ponder it, or meditate on it.
Where did the word "ruminate" come from?
Origin of ruminate. First recorded in 1525–35; from Latin rūminātus (past participle of rūminārī, rūmināre “to ruminate”), equivalent to rūmin- (stem of rūmen “throat, gullet”; see rumen) + -ātus past participle suffix (see -ate 1)
How is ruminate used in real life?
Ruminate can be used in both positive and negative ways: it can refer to thoroughly thinking something over, or to overthinking it.
What is it called when an animal eats grass?
Such animals, like cows, eat grass, swallow it, and then regurgitate it and chew it some more. When the food is regurgitated to be chewed again, it’s called cud. You can see how this process of chewing and rechewing can be used figuratively: when you ruminate on something, you think it over.
What does "chew again" mean?
to chew again or over and over.
Why is the word "sinister" Latin?
The word "sinister" is Latin for "left," because left-handed people were often thought of as suspicious, evil, or demonic.
Does ruminating on troubles prolong cortisol production?
A 2014 study published in Biological Psychology found that for people with depression, simply ruminating on troubles may prolong cortisol production.
Why do people ruminate?
People are more likely to ruminate if they have a history of trauma, or if they are perfectionistic or neurotic . Some research has shown that in women, rumination tends to be triggered by feelings of sadness, whereas in men, it’s most likely to be triggered by feelings of anger.
Why is ruminating important?
I find this really interesting, because when done effectively, self-reflection actually can lead to new insights and ideas for how to manage whatever’s going on. I suppose the essential piece is coming up with ideas to manage better, since ruminating doesn’t go there.
What is the meaning of rumination in 2021?
In this series, I dig a little deeper into the meaning of psychology-related terms. This week’s term is rumination. According to the response styles theory, rumination involves the passive, repetitive focus on the nature of one’s own distress and its causes and potential consequences.
How does rumination affect depression?
Rumination can impair problem-solving ability, making it more difficult to recover from depression. Even if ruminators do come up with potential solutions to problems, lack of confidence in those solutions is often a barrier to implementation.
What is the difference between worry and rumination?
Worry overlaps with rumination, as they’re both repetitive forms of thinking, but worry focuses on the future while rumination focuses on the past.
What is the ruminative response scale?
There’s a copy of the Ruminative Responses Scale here; it’s a psychometric test to assess levels of rumination. This version doesn’t give any guidance for interpreting the overall score; still, you should be able to get a pretty good feel for how ruminative you are.
How to reduce rumination?
Strategies that may be helpful to decrease rumination include distraction, meditation, realistic goal-setting, and work on building self-esteem.
Overview
Taxonomy and evolution
Hofmann and Stewart divided ruminants into three major categories based on their feed type and feeding habits: concentrate selectors, intermediate types, and grass/roughage eaters, with the assumption that feeding habits in ruminants cause morphological differences in their digestive systems, including salivary glands, rumen size, and rumen papillae. However, Woodall found that there is little correlation between the fiber content of a ruminant's diet and morphological charac…
Digestive system of ruminants
The primary difference between ruminants and nonruminants is that ruminants' stomachs have four compartments:
1. rumen—primary site of microbial fermentation
2. reticulum
3. omasum—receives chewed cud, and absorbs volatile fatty acids
Abundance, distribution, and domestication
Wild ruminants number at least 75 million and are native to all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Nearly 90% of all species are found in Eurasia and Africa. Species inhabit a wide range of climates (from tropic to arctic) and habitats (from open plains to forests).
The population of domestic ruminants is greater than 3.5 billion, with cattle, sheep, and goats accounting for about 95% of the total population. Goats were domesticated in the Near East circ…
Ruminant physiology
Ruminating animals have various physiological features that enable them to survive in nature. One feature of ruminants is their continuously growing teeth. During grazing, the silica content in forage causes abrasion of the teeth. This is compensated for by continuous tooth growth throughout the ruminant's life, as opposed to humans or other nonruminants, whose teeth stop growing after a particular age. Most ruminants do not have upper incisors; instead, they have a t…
Rumen microbiology
Vertebrates lack the ability to hydrolyse the beta [1–4] glycosidic bond of plant cellulose due to the lack of the enzyme cellulase. Thus, ruminants completely depend on the microbial flora, present in the rumen or hindgut, to digest cellulose. Digestion of food in the rumen is primarily carried out by the rumen microflora, which contains dense populations of several species of bacteria, protozoa, sometimes yeasts and other fungi – 1 ml of rumen is estimated to contain 10–50 billion bacteria …
Tannin toxicity in ruminant animals
Tannins are phenolic compounds that are commonly found in plants. Found in the leaf, bud, seed, root, and stem tissues, tannins are widely distributed in many different species of plants. Tannins are separated into two classes: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Depending on their concentration and nature, either class can have adverse or beneficial effects. Tannins can be beneficial, having been shown to increase milk production, wool growth, ovulation rate, and lamb…
Religious importance
The Law of Moses in the Bible allowed the eating of some mammals that had cloven hooves (i.e. members of the order Artiodactyla) and "that chew the cud", a stipulation preserved to this day in Jewish dietary laws.