Is propofol and expensive drug?
This prescription is provided by a doctor and is generally not available at a pharmacy. This drug is administered by your healthcare practitioner (HCP), which usually means: It may be expensive. You cannot fill this prescription in a regular pharmacy. What does it feel like to be on propofol?
What are the side effects of propofol?
Side effects requiring immediate medical attention
- Blurred vision
- confusion
- dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
- fast, slow, irregular, or pounding heartbeat or pulse
- headache
- nervousness
- pounding in the ears
- problems with movement
- sweating
- unusual tiredness or weakness
Is propofol the generic or brand name?
This preview shows page 1 out of 1 page. GENERIC NAME: PROPOFOL BRAND NAME: DIPRIVAN DRUG CLASS: GENERAL ANESTHETICS DOSAGE: 40 mg IV every 10 seconds until onset >0.1-0.2 mg/kg/minute IV should immediately follow MECHANISM OF ACTION: A short-acting anesthetic given for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.
Does propofol cause low blood pressure?
The effect of propofol on blood pressure is that it decreases systemic blood pressure. This decrease in propofol blood pressure is often accompanied by corresponding changes in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.
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What chemicals make up propofol?
Propofol is a phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic, a sedative, a radical scavenger, an antiemetic and an anticonvulsant.
What is propofol mixed in?
Propofol 10 mg/ml should only be mixed with the following products: glucose 50 mg/ml (5%) solution for injection, sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%) solution for injection or sodium chloride 1.8 mg/ml (0.18%) and glucose 40 mg/ml (4%) solution for injection, and preservative-free lidocaine 10 mg/ml (1%) solution for ...
How do you know if you are allergic to propofol?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Tell your medical caregivers right away if you have: a light-headed feeling (like you might pass out) even after feeling awake; weak or shallow breathing; or.
What does propofol do to your body?
Propofol slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. Propofol is used to put you to sleep and keep you asleep during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. It is used in adults as well as children 2 months and older.
Who Cannot use propofol?
You should not use propofol if you are allergic to it, or if you have: allergies to peanuts, eggs, egg products, soybeans or soy products.
Where does propofol come from?
Propofol was originally developed in the United Kingdom by Imperial Chemical Industries following research into the sedative effect of phenol derivatives in animal models. Its anesthetic properties were first reported in January 1973 [10, 11].
What is the most important side effect of propofol?
Common side effects of Propofol include: Low blood pressure (hypotension) Pauses in breathing (apnea) lasting 30-60 seconds. Pauses in breathing (apnea) lasting more than 60 sec.
How long does propofol stay in your system after a colonoscopy?
The elimination half-life of propofol is approximately 0.5 h to 1.5 h. This drug has a very fast clearance and therefore can be administered as a continuous infusion or as multiple boluses without any accumulative effects.
How long does it take for propofol to wear off after colonoscopy?
"When the procedure is over and we stop the intravenous drip, it generally takes only 10 to 15 minutes before he or she is fairly wide awake again.” Propofol is considered safe and effective for most patients, but there are some side effects that need to be considered.
How fast do you wake up from propofol?
Propofol has a rapid distribution half-life which leads to rapid awakening from a bolus dose of approximately 8–10 minutes.
What drug puts you to sleep instantly surgery?
Midazolam injection is used to produce sleepiness or drowsiness and relieve anxiety before surgery or certain procedures. When midazolam is used before surgery, the patient will not remember some of the details about the procedure.
How will I feel after propofol?
Patients sedated with propofol rarely complain of feeling "drugged" and more often remark that they feel as if they had a great nap. While fentanyl and other opioid-type drugs may cause nausea, particularly at higher doses, this is rare with propofol.
Can someone become addicted to propofol?
Because propofol has intrinsic limitations, including a lack of street availability and the requirement for intravenous administration, it is generally believed not to be of interest to drug abusers. However, healthcare providers in Western society can easily become addicted to propofol because of easy access.
Why is propofol in a glass bottle?
Propofol has been reported to have high stability in glass and relatively high stability up to 24 hours in polyvinyl chloride-based medical plastics.
What kind of anesthesia is propofol?
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic used for procedural sedation, during monitored anesthesia care, or as an induction agent for general anesthesia. It may be administered as a bolus or an infusion, or some combination of the two.
How do they administer propofol?
Propofol was administered with an initial bolus of 30 to 50 mg given over 5 to 10 seconds through a rapid running intravenous catheter. Approximately 50 to 70 seconds after the first dose, a second dose was administered, consisting of 10 to 30 mg depending on how the patient reacted to the initial dose.
Before Receiving This Medicine
You should not receive propofol if you are allergic to it.To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: 1. epilepsy or...
What Happens If I Miss A Dose?
Since propofol is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, you are not likely to miss a dose.
What Happens If I Overdose?
Since this medication is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, an overdose is unlikely to occur.
What Should I Avoid After Receiving Propofol?
Propofol can cause severe drowsiness or dizziness, which may last for several hours. You will need someone to drive you home after your surgery or...
Propofol Dosing Information
Usual Adult Dose for Anesthesia:Less than 55 years: Anesthetic Induction: 40 mg IV every 10 seconds until induction onset. Total dose required is 2...
What Other Drugs Will Affect Propofol?
Taking other medicines that make you sleepy or slow your breathing can worsen these effects. After you have been treated with propofol, ask your do...
Propofol Description
Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic emulsion containing 10 mg/mL of Propofol suitable for intravenous administration. Propofol is chemically described as 2,6-diisopropylphenol. The structural formula is:
Propofol - Clinical Pharmacology
Propofol Injectable Emulsion is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of Propofol induces anesthesia, with minimal excitation, usually within 40 seconds from the start of injection (the time for one arm-brain circulation).
Indications and Usage for Propofol
Propofol Injectable Emulsion is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug that can be used as described in the table below.
Contraindications
Propofol Injectable Emulsion is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Propofol or any of Propofol Injectable Emulsion components.
Warnings
Use of Propofol Injectable Emulsion has been associated with both fatal and life-threatening anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions.
Precautions
A lower induction dose and a slower maintenance rate of administration should be used in elderly, debilitated, or ASA-PS III or IV patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Patients should be continuously monitored for early signs of hypotension and/or bradycardia.
Drug Abuse and Dependence
There are reports of the abuse of Propofol for recreational and other improper purposes, which have resulted in fatalities and other injuries. Instances of self-administration of Propofol Injectable Emulsion by health care professionals have also been reported, which have resulted in fatalities and other injuries.
What is propofol?
Propofol (Diprivan) slows the activity of your brain and nervous system.
Warnings
Before you receive propofol, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and allergies. Also make sure your doctor knows if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. In some cases, you may not be able to use propofol.
Before receiving this medicine
You should not receive propofol if you are allergic to it. Tell your doctor if you have allergies to eggs, egg products, soybeans, or soy products.
How is propofol given?
Propofol is injected into a vein through an IV. A healthcare provider will give you this injection.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Since propofol is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, you are not likely to miss a dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Since this medication is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, an overdose is unlikely to occur.
What should I avoid after receiving propofol?
Propofol causes severe drowsiness and dizziness, which may last for several hours. You will need someone to drive you home after your surgery or procedure. Do not drive yourself or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert for at least 24 hours after you have been treated with propofol.
Medical uses
To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost always, having largely replaced sodium thiopental.
Other uses
The US state of Missouri added propofol to its execution protocol in April 2012. However, Governor Jay Nixon halted the first execution by the administration of a lethal dose of propofol in October 2013 following threats from the European Union to limit the drug's export if it were used for that purpose.
Side effects
One of propofol's most common side effects is pain on injection, especially in smaller veins. This pain arises from activation of the pain receptor, TRPA1, found on sensory nerves and can be mitigated by pretreatment with lidocaine. Less pain is experienced when infused at a slower rate in a large vein (antecubital fossa).
Interactions
The respiratory effects of propofol are increased if given with other respiratory depressants, including benzodiazepines.
Pharmacology
Propofol has been proposed to have several mechanisms of action, both through potentiation of GABA A receptor activity and therefore acting as a GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulator, thereby slowing the channel-closing time.
History
John B. Glen, a veterinarian and researcher at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) spent 13 years developing propofol, an effort which led to the awarding to him of the prestigious 2018 Lasker Award for clinical research. Propofol was originally developed as ICI 35868.
Developments
A water-soluble prodrug form, fospropofol, has been developed and tested with positive results. Fospropofol is rapidly broken down by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase to form propofol. Marketed as Lusedra, this formulation may not produce the pain at injection site that often occurs with the conventional form of the drug. The U.S.
Miscellaneous
- Strict aseptic technique must alwasy be maintained during handling. Propofol Injectable Emulsion is a single access parenteral product (single patient infusion vial) which contains 0.1% sodium benzoate to inhibit the rate of growth of microorganisms, for up to 12 hours, in the event of accidental exxtrinsic contamination. However, Propofol Injectable Emulsion can still support the …
Description
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP is a white or almost white sterile, nonpyrogenic homogenous emulsion containing 10 mg/mL of Propofol suitable for intravenous administration. Propofol is chemically described as 2,6-diisopropylphenol. The structural formula is:
Chemistry
- Propofol is slightly soluble in water and, thus, is formulated in a white, oil-in-water emulsion. The pKa is 11. The octanol/water partition coefficient for Propofol is 6761:1 at a pH of 6 to 8.5. In addition to the active component, Propofol, the formulation also contains soybean oil (100 mg/mL), glycerin (22.5 mg/mL), egg phospholipids (12 mg/mL)...
Pharmacology
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion is an intravenous general anesthetic and sedation drug for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation. Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of Propofol induces anesthesia, with minimal excitation, usually within 40 seconds from the start of injection (the time for one arm-brain circulation). As with other rapidly acting intravenous anesth…
Society and culture
- Induction of anesthesia with Propofol Injectable Emulsion is frequently associated with apnea in both adults and pediatric patients. In adult patients who received Propofol Injectable Emulsion (2 mg/kg to 2.5 mg/kg), apnea lasted less than 30 seconds in 7% of patients, 30 seconds to 60 seconds in 24% of patients, and more than 60 seconds in 12% of patients. In pediatric patients fr…
Adverse effects
- During maintenance of general anesthesia, Propofol Injectable Emulsion causes a decrease in spontaneous minute ventilation usually associated with an increase in carbon dioxide tension which may be marked depending upon the rate of administration and concurrent use of other medications (e.g., opioids, sedatives, etc.).
Management
- During monitored anesthesia care (MAC) sedation, attention must be given to the cardiorespiratory effects of Propofol Injectable Emulsion. Hypotension, oxyhemoglobin desaturation, apnea, and airway obstruction can occur, especially following a rapid bolus of Propofol Injectable Emulsion. During initiation of MAC sedation, slow infusion or slow injection te…
Interactions
- Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that Propofol Injectable Emulsion is rarely associated with elevation of plasma histamine levels.
Results
- Preliminary findings in patients with normal intraocular pressure indicate that Propofol Injectable Emulsion produces a decrease in intraocular pressure which may be associated with a concomitant decrease in systemic vascular resistance.
Side effects
- Clinical studies indicate that Propofol Injectable Emulsion when used in combination with hypocarbia increases cerebrovascular resistance and decreases cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption, and intracranial pressure. Propofol Injectable Emulsion does not affect cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension (see CLINICAL TR…
Research
- Clinical studies indicate that Propofol Injectable Emulsion does not suppress the adrenal response to ACTH. Animal studies and limited experience in susceptible patients have not indicated any propensity of Propofol Injectable Emulsion to induce malignant hyperthermia. Propofol Injectable Emulsion was studied in clinical trials which included cardiac surgical patients. Most patients we…
Pathophysiology
- Following an IV bolus dose, there is rapid equilibration between the plasma and the brain, accounting for the rapid onset of anesthesia. Plasma levels initially decline rapidly as a result of both distribution and metabolic clearance. Distribution accounts for about half of this decline following a bolus of Propofol. However, distribution is not constant over time, but decreases as b…
Prognosis
- Discontinuation of the recommended doses of Propofol Injectable Emulsion after the maintenance of anesthesia for approximately one hour, or for sedation in the ICU for one day, results in a prompt decrease in blood Propofol concentrations and rapid awakening. Longer infusions (10 days of ICU sedation) result in accumulation of significant tissue stores of Propofol, such that th…
Example
- The figure below illustrates the fall of plasma Propofol levels following infusions of various durations to provide ICU sedation.
Medical uses
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion was administered by infusion in a controlled clinical trial to evaluate its effect on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). The mean arterial pressure was maintained relatively constant over 25 minutes with a change from baseline of -4% ± 17% (mean ± SD). The change in CSFP was -46% ± 14%. As CSFP is an indirect measure of intracranial pressure (ICP…
Safety
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion was compared to benzodiazepines and opioids in clinical trials involving ICU patients. Of these, 302 received Propofol Injectable Emulsion and comprise the overall safety database for ICU sedation.
Overview
Propofol, marketed as Diprivan, among other names, is a short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and a lack of memory for events. Its uses include the starting and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation. It is also used for status epilepticus if other medications have not worked. It is gi…
History
John B. Glen, a veterinarian and researcher at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) spent 13 years developing propofol, an effort which led to the awarding to him of the prestigious 2018 Lasker Award for clinical research. Propofol was originally developed as ICI 35868. It was chosen for development after extensive evaluation and structure–activity relationship studies of the anesthetic potencies and pharmacokinetic profiles of a series of ortho-alkylated phenols.
Medical uses
To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. It can also be administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI). Propofol is also used to sedate individuals who are receiving mechanical ventilation but not undergoing s…
Other uses
The US state of Missouri added propofol to its execution protocol in April 2012. However, Governor Jay Nixon halted the first execution by the administration of a lethal dose of propofol in October 2013 following threats from the European Union to limit the drug's export if it were used for that purpose. The United Kingdom had already banned the export of medicines or veterinary medicines containing propofol to the United States.
Side effects
One of propofol's most common side effects is pain on injection, especially in smaller veins. This pain arises from activation of the pain receptor, TRPA1, found on sensory nerves and can be mitigated by pretreatment with lidocaine. Less pain is experienced when infused at a slower rate in a large vein (antecubital fossa). Patients show considerable variability in their response to propofol, at times showing profound sedation with small doses[1].
Interactions
The respiratory effects of propofol are increased if given with other respiratory depressants, including benzodiazepines.
Pharmacology
Propofol has been proposed as having several mechanisms of action, both through potentiation of GABAA receptor activity and therefore acting as a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, thereby slowing the channel-closing time. At high doses, propofol may be able to activate GABAA receptors in the absence of GABA, behaving as a GABAA receptor agonist as well. Propofol an…
Developments
A water-soluble prodrug form, fospropofol, has been developed and tested with positive results. Fospropofol is rapidly broken down by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase to form propofol. Marketed as Lusedra, this formulation may not produce the pain at injection site that often occurs with the conventional form of the drug. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the product in 2008. However fospropofol is a Schedule IV controlled substance with the DEA ACSCN of 2138 …