What are the 4 types of climate?
one of five classifications of the Earth's climates: tropical, dry, mild, continental, and polar.
Where do you typically find CWA climates in the southern hemisphere?
Africa. In Africa, humid subtropical climates are primarily found in the southern part of the continent. The Cwa climate is found over a large portion of the interior of the Middle and Eastern African regions.
What are the 6 types of climates?
There are six main climate regions: tropical rainy, dry, temperate marine, temperate continental, polar, and highlands. The tropics have two types of rainy climates: tropical wet and tropical wet-and- dry.
What is moist subtropical mid latitude?
C - Moist Subtropical Mid-Latitude Climates This climate generally has warm and humid summers with mild winters. Its extent is from 30°50° of latitude mainly on the eastern and western borders of most continents. During the winter, the main weather feature is the mid-latitude cyclone.
Which climate zone is always hot and humid?
The climatic zone that is always hot and humid is the wet tropical climate.
Which climate has no true summer?
Polar climatesPolar climates: extremely cold winters and summers. The average temperature of the warmest month is below 10 C (50 F). There is no real summer season...., bummer!!
What are the 3 main types of climates?
The Earth has three main climate zones: tropical, temperate, and polar. The climate region near the equator with warm air masses is known as tropical. In the tropical zone, the average temperature in the coldest month is 18 °C.
What are the 3 climate zones?
According to the three cell convection model of each hemisphere the Earth neatly separates itself into three distinct climate zones; the polar, temperate, and the tropical zones.
What do El Nino mean?
El Niño means Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish. South American fishermen first noticed periods of unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean in the 1600s. The full name they used was El Niño de Navidad, because El Niño typically peaks around December. El Niño can affect our weather significantly.
Is subtropical warmer than tropical?
The subtropics refers to the zones immediately north and south of the tropic zone. The term can be used loosely to mean a range of latitudes between 23.5 and approximately 40 degrees. These areas typically have hot summers-- even hotter than tropical climates.
What are the 6 main Köppen climate classifications?
The Köppen Climate ClassificationA (tropical)B (dry)C (temperate)D (continental)E (polar)
What is dry subtropical climate?
The Dry Summer Subtropical climate, is also known as the "Mediterranean" climate because the land that borders the Mediterranean Sea is a type locality for this climate. The wet winter/dry summer seasonality of precipitation is the defining characteristic of this climate.
Which climate region is found in the Southern Hemisphere?
The most prevalent are the southern temperate zone, which runs from the Tropic of Capricorn to the beginning of the Arctic Circle at 66.5 degrees south. This area features a temperate climate which generally has large amounts of precipitation, cold winters, and warm summers.
Why is the continental D climate type not found in the Southern Hemisphere?
Trees grow in continental climates, even though winters are extremely cold, because the average annual temperature is fairly mild. Continental climates are not found in the Southern Hemisphere because of the absence of a continent large enough to generate this effect.
Why are no D or E climates shown in the Southern Hemisphere?
The “D” climates do not occur in the Southern Hemisphere. In order for a “continental” climate to develop, there must be a large land area within the midlatitudes. This is simply not the case in the Southern Hemisphere.
What is the weather in Southern Hemisphere?
Southern Hemisphere climates tend to be slightly milder than those at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, except in the Antarctic which is colder than the Arctic. This is because the Southern Hemisphere has significantly more ocean and much less land; water heats up and cools down more slowly than land.
When was the CWA created?
Based on the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948, the CWA underwent significant reorganization and expansion in 1972, with subsequent major amendments in 1977 and 1987. The CWA does not specifically address contamination of groundwater resources, a subject addressed by provisions in other laws including the Safe Drinking Water Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act.
What is the Clean Water Act?
Summary: The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary Federal statute regulating the protection of the nation’s water. The CWA aims to prevent, reduce, and eliminate pollution in the nation's water in order to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters", as described in CWA section 101 (a).
Who issues a permit for dredged water?
Facilities that discharge dredged or fill materials into waters of the United States must apply for a permit issued by the Army Corps of Engineers. In certain circumstances, EPA also may prohibit, restrict or deny the issuance of a Section 404 permit to discharge dredged or fill material into a water of the United States whenever the Administrator determines the discharge will have an unacceptable adverse effect on resources identified in the Act.
Can the EPA fine individuals for CWA violations?
EPA may seek sanctions against individual employees of Federal facilities for criminal violations of the CWA. Criminal fines may be imposed under either CWA § 309 (c) or 18 U.S.C. § 3571, the Alternative Fines Act. Enforcement of criminal violations is authorized under CWA § 309 (c) for negligent and knowing violations, for knowing endangerments, and for making false statements. The specific fines and penalties under CWA § 309 (c) for several types of criminal violations are:
Where does windshear occur?
Wind shear can occur at high or low altitude.
What is indicated when a current convective Sigmet forecasts thunderstorms?
What is indicated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms? Thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers.
What should pilots state when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information?
What should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information? The address of the pilot in command.
What is a G airmet?
A G – AIRMET is a graphical advisory of weather that may be hazardous to aircraft, but are less severe than SIGMETs. They are only valid at specific time “snapshots”. Forecasters create graphical objects depicting the areas and attributes of AIRMET hazards, which are distributed in BUFR file format.
Are AIRMETs forecasted?
An AIRMET, or Airmen’s Meteorological Information, is a concise description of weather phenomena that are occurring or may occur ( forecast ) along an air route that may affect aircraft safety. AIRMETs are valid for six hours.
Where is the CWA climate located?
The Cwa climate is found over a large portion of the interior of the Middle and Eastern African regions. This area includes central Angola, northeastern Zimbabwe, the Niassa, Manica and Tete provinces of Mozambique, the southern Congo provinces, southwest Tanzania, and the majority of Malawi, and Zambia.
Where is the climate in South Africa?
The climate is also found in the narrow coastal sections of southern and eastern South Africa, primarily in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape provinces. South Africa's version of this climate features heavy oceanic influences resulting in generally milder temperatures. This is particularly evident in its winters when temperatures do not drop as low as in many other regions within the humid subtropical category.
What is a CFA?
Under the Köppen climate classification, Cfa and Cwa climates are either described as humid subtropical climates or mild temperate climates. This climate features mean temperature in the coldest month between 0 °C (32 °F) or −3 °C (27 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F) and mean temperature in the warmest month 22 °C (72 °F) or higher. However, while some climatologists have opted to describe this climate type as a "humid subtropical climate", Köppen himself never used this term. The humid subtropical climate classification was officially created under the Trewartha climate classification. In this classification, climates are termed humid subtropical when they have at least 8 months with a mean temperature above 10 °C (50 °F).
What is the climate of the subtropical zone?
Cfa. Cwa. A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side ...
How much rainfall does Australia get?
Annual rainfall within Australia's humid subtropical climate zone can reach as high as 2,000 millimetres (78.7 in) in coastal locations and is generally 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) or above. The most intense 2-3 day rainfall periods that occur in this coastal zone however are the outcome of east coast lows forming to the north of a large high pressure system, there can be great variation in rainfall amounts from year to year as a result of these systems. As an example Lismore which lies in the centre of this zone, the annual rainfall can range from less than 550 millimetres (21.7 in) in 1915 to more than 2,780 millimetres (109.4 in) in 1950.
What is winter rainfall?
Winter rainfall is often associated with large storms in the westerlies that have fronts that reach down into subtropical latitudes. However, many subtropical climates such as southeast Asia and Florida in the United States have very dry winters, with frequent brush fires and water shortages.
What is the average temperature of a summer in the subtropics?
In a humid subtropical climate, summers are typically long, hot and humid. Monthly mean summer temperatures are normally between 24 and 27 °C (75 and 81 °F). A deep current of tropical air dominates the humid subtropics at the time of high sun, and daily intense (but brief) convective thundershowers are common.
Summary
Overview
The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: A (tropical), B (dry), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar). The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat. Summers are defined as the 6-month period that is warmer either from April–September and/or October–March while winter is the 6-month period that is cooler.
Group A: Tropical/megathermal climates
Tropical climates are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations); all 12 months of the year have average temperatures of 18 °C (64.4 °F) or higher; and generally high annual precipitation. They are subdivided as follows:
All 12 months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm (2.4 in). These climates usually occur within 10° latitude of the equator. This climate has no natural seasons in terms of thermal …
Group B: Dry (desert and semi-arid) climates
These climates are characterized by the amount of annual precipitation less than a threshold value which approximates the potential evapotranspiration. The threshold value (in millimeters) is calculated as follows:
Multiply the average annual temperature in °C by 20, then add
1. 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the high-sun half of the yea…
Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates
In the Köppen climate system, temperate climates are defined as having an average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (26.6 °F), as noted previously) in their coldest month but below 18 °C (64.4 °F). The average temperature of −3 °C (26.6 °F) roughly coincides with the equatorward limit of frozen ground and snowcover lasting for a month or more.
Group D: Continental/microthermal climates
These climates have an average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F) in their warmest months, and a coldest month average below 0 °C (or −3 °C (27 °F), as noted previously). These usually occur in the interiors of continents and on their upper east coasts, normally north of 40°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, group D climates are extremely rare due to the smaller land masses in the middle latitu…
Group E: Polar climates
In the Köppen climate system, polar climates are defined as the warmest temperature of any month is below 10 °C (50 °F). Polar climates are further divided into two types, tundra climates and icecap climates:
Tundra climate (ET): Warmest month has an average temperature between 0 and 10 °C. These climates occur on the northern edges of the North American …