Why is Rothera's test done?
a method of testing urine for the presence of acetone or acetoacetic acid: a sign of *diabetes mellitus. Strong ammonia is added to a sample of urine saturated with ammonium sulphate crystals and containing a small quantity of sodium nitroprusside.
What is the positive result of Rothera's test?
If Rothera's test is positive before oxidation with H2O2 (with fresh urine sample), then acetone and acetoacetic acid ketone bodies are present. If Rothera's test give positive result after oxidation with H2O2, then β-hydroxybutyrate is present in urine .
What is the principle of Gerhardt's test?
Gerhardt's ferric chloride reacts with acetoacetate only. Principle of Gerhardt's test: The reagent is 10% ferric chloride. It is based on the reaction of ferric chloride (FeCl3) with acetoacetic acid only, and it will form red color.
What is Rothera's reagent?
For the Rothera test A (named for the originator of the test), 1 gm ammonium sulfate is added to 5 ml urine and, after shaking to dissolve, 3 drops of freshly prepared sodium nitroprusside solution is added.
What are ketone bodies explain Rothera's test?
Ketosis and ketoacidosis Their excretion in urine is very low and undetectable by routine urine tests (Rothera's test). When the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization, their concentration in blood increases; this is known as ketonemia.
How do you detect acetone in urine?
Urine ketones are usually measured as a "spot test." This is available in a test kit that you can buy at a drug store. The kit contains dipsticks coated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. A dipstick is dipped in the urine sample. A color change indicates the presence of ketones.
Why is acetone present in pathological urine?
The formation of acetone is usually a sign that cells lack insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin that is available, as occurs in diabetes. Acetone is excreted from the body in the urine.
What is the significance of ketonuria?
Ketonuria is an indication that the insulin dose needs to be increased. Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration occur when ketones accumulate in the blood. If these conditions are not corrected by adjusting the dose of insulin, the patient may develop ketoacidosis and ultimately diabetic coma.
What causes ketonuria?
If you are fasting or have health conditions like diabetes, your body makes more ketones than it can use. This increases the levels of ketone bodies in your liver. Your body tries to get rid of them when you pee, resulting in high ketone levels in urine, or ketonuria.
Which test is used for ketones in urine?
Urine ketones are usually measured as a "spot test." This is available in a test kit that you can buy at a drug store. The kit contains dipsticks coated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. A dipstick is dipped in the urine sample. A color change indicates the presence of ketones.
What reagent is used to detect ketones?
The Stanbio Chemistry LiquiColor® Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (B-HB) reagent is used to detect ketones to identify patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis, amongst many other clinical applications.
What is the purple ring in Rothera test?
It is sodium nitrofericyanide.
Why are the urine ketones positive?
The presence of ketones in the urine probably indicates that the body is using fats rather than carbohydrates for energy. High levels of ketones may be present in the urine of individuals with uncontrolled diabetes because the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates is defective.
What is Rothera's test and how is it done?
Acetoacetic acid and acetone react with an alkaline solution of sodium nitroprusside to form a purple-colored complex. This method can detect above 1-5 mg/dl of acetoacetic acid and 10-20 mg/dl of acetone. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is not detected.
What is beta-hydroxybutyrate lab test?
Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the best test for monitoring ketosis Beta-Hydroxybutyrate is the most predominate ketone present during DKA and trends with a patient's clinical status. Since the Beta-Hydroxybutyrate assay is quantitative it can be used for monitoring ketosis to resolution, making it the superior ketone test.
What is ketone in urine test?
What is a ketones in urine test? The test measures ketone levels in your urine. Normally, your body burns glucose (sugar) for energy. If your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
Rothera's Test for Ketone Bodies in Urine
Rothera’s test is a sort of laboratory test that is used to detect ketone bodies in urine qualitatively.
Objectives
The main aim of Rothera’s test is to detect the presence of Ketone bodies within the supplied urine sample.
Principle
An alkaline solution of sodium nitroprusside reacts with acetoacetic acid and acetone to generate a purple-colored complex. This method can detect acetoacetic acid concentrations of 1-5 mg/dl and acetone concentrations of 10-20 mg/dl. There is no beta-hydroxybutyrate found.
Procedure
Take a clean test tube and add 5 ml of urine to it. Transfers 1 gm of Rothera’s powder mixture within the test tube and mix well.
Inference
Ketone (acetone) bodies include acetone, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid. To detect the latter a modified test has to be done. (oxidize the β-hydroxybutyric acid with hydrogen peroxide to form acetoacetic acid. Add a few drops of acetic acid to 2 ml of 1:1 diluted urine with distilled water.
Results
Positive Test: Ketone bodies are present if a purple permanganate-colored ring forms quickly at the contact.
