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What are the main muscles in the shoulder? The primary muscle group that supports the shoulder joint is the rotator cuff muscles. The four rotator cuff muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
What are the major muscles of the shoulder?
- Manubrium
- Clavicular facets
- Costal facets
- Jugular notch
What are the joints of the shoulder complex?
The deltoid muscle is the big muscle on the shoulder. It has three parts - the front (anterior), middle and back (posterior). The muscle lifts the arm up sideways. The front part helps to lift the...
What is the front part of the shoulder called?
The shoulder complex is made up of three bones, which are connected by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The large bone in the upper arm is called the humerus. The shoulder blade is called the scapula and the collarbone is called the clavicle. The top of the humerus is shaped like a ball.
How many bones are in the shoulder?
Which way does the shoulder rotate?
Internal rotation – with elbow at 90 degrees and pressed against side (hand straight out in front), shoulder rotates inward so hand moves towards belly
What is the function of the shoulder girdle?
The primary function of the shoulder girdle is to give strength and range of motion to the arm. The shoulder girdle includes three bones—the scapula, clavicle and humerus.
How many heads does the bicep have?
The biceps actually has two (i.e. bi ceps) heads and thus two attachments around the shoulder. The short head of the biceps comes from the coracoid process. The long-head of the biceps tendon runs in the groove between the two tuberosities of the humerus on the front of the shoulder and attaches to the upper end of the glenoid labrum inside the glenohumeral joint (see joint anatomy below). The biceps attaches to the radius bone in the forearm and allows us to bend our elbow and bring our hand from a palm-down position to a palm-up position (supination).
Which ligaments help stabilize the shoulder joints?
These are the main ligaments that help to stabilize the joints of the shoulder: Acromioclavicular ligaments ( several) and coracoclavicular ligaments (there are two: trapezoid and conoid).
Where are the biceps located?
The biceps actually has two (i.e. bi ceps) heads and thus two attachments around the shoulder. The short head of the biceps comes from the coracoid process. The long-head of the biceps tendon runs in the groove between the two tuberosities of the humerus on the front of the shoulder and attaches to the upper end of the glenoid labrum inside the glenohumeral joint (see joint anatomy below). The biceps attaches to the radius bone in the forearm and allows us to bend our elbow and bring our hand from a palm-down position to a palm-up position (supination).
What is the side of the shoulder closest to the mid body?
Medial — the side of the shoulder closest to mid body. Lateral — the side of the shoulder farthest from mid body. Proximal — located nearest to the point of attachment or reference, or center of the body. example: the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
What is shoulder replacement?
Shoulder Rehab and Shoulder Replacement Recovery Time. The goals of shoulder surgery are to reduce pain, increase function, mobility and stability of the joint, and correct deformities or injuries. The shoulder has a wider and more varied range of motion than any other joint in the body.
How many muscles are there in the shoulder?
Shoulder Muscles. While most people think of the rotator cuff when they think of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, these are just four of the 17 muscles that cross the shoulder joint. Some of these other muscles are also critical to normal shoulder function.
What is the capsule of the shoulder?
Shoulder Capsule. The shoulder capsule surrounds the ball-and-socket part of the shoulder joint. The capsule separates the joint from the rest of the body and contains the joint fluid. Several ligaments make up parts of the joint capsule, and these ligaments are important in keeping the shoulder joint in proper position.
What is the purpose of labrum in shoulder?
The socket of the shoulder joint is shallow, and the labrum gives the socket more depth, and thus more stability. The labrum also serves as the attachment of a major tendon in the shoulder, the biceps tendon. Labral tears in the shoulder can cause pain, instability of the joint, or both. Labral tears are usually classified based on their location.
What is the scapula called?
Shoulder blade ( scapula) Collarbone (clavicle) The scapula has one part that forms a socket for the ball-and-socket shoulder joint; this is called the glenoid. The glenoid is covered with smooth cartilage. Where the rounded top of the arm bone (humerus) contacts the shoulder blade is called the glenohumeral joint.
Why is the rotator cuff important?
The rotator cuff muscles are important in movements of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint. The rotator cuff is important in many routine activities, and when injured can cause severe pain. When the rotator cuff is inflamed or irritated, this is referred to as rotator cuff tendonitis or shoulder bursitis.
What is the joint between the shoulder blade and the arm bone called?
Where the rounded top of the arm bone (humerus) contacts the shoulder blade is called the glenohumeral joint . A second joint on the top of the shoulder is where a different part of the shoulder blade, the acromion, connects to the collarbone. This is called the acromioclavicular joint.
What is a labral tear?
Labral tears in the shoulder can cause pain, instability of the joint, or both. Labral tears are usually classified based on their location. The most common labral tears are those associated with a shoulder dislocation, called a Bankart tear, and those associated with biceps tendon problems, called SLAP tears .
What is the shoulder?
The shoulder is a complex combination of bones and joints where many muscles act to provide the widest range of motion of any part of the body.
What is the collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder called?
The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff. It stabilizes the shoulder and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid, a shallow cavity in the scapula. The muscles of the rotator cuff include the suprasinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
What is the name of the joint that connects the clavicle to the sternum?
Sternoclavicular joint: This joint is at the center of the chest where the clavicle meets the sternum. It allows the clavicles to move. Each joint is surrounded by: tendons, to attach the muscles to the bones. The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff.
Where is the scapula located?
Scapula: More commonly known as the shoulder blade, the scapula is a flat triangular bone located in the upper back. It connects with the collarbone at the front of the body. Humerus: The largest bone of the arm, the humerus connects to the scapula and clavicle in the shoulder. The head of the bone has a ball-like knob to create a ball-and-socket ...
Which joint forms the highest point of the shoulder and provides the ability to raise the arm above the head?
It is surrounded by soft tissue and strengthened by fibrous ligaments. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint: This joint forms the highest point of the shoulder and provides the ability to raise the arm above the head. The meeting of the scapula and clavicle forms it.
Which bones are 90 degrees?
At the shoulder, three major bones meet and create a 90-degree angle: Clavicle: Also known as the collarbone, the clavicle extends across the front of the shoulder from the sternum to the scapula. It helps stabilize the shoulder’s movements. Scapula: More commonly known as the shoulder blade, the scapula is a flat triangular bone located in ...
What are the bones of the shoulder?
The bones of the shoulder are the humerus (upper arm bone), clavicle (collar bone), and scapula (shoulder blade). The head of the humerus bone (the ball) is lined with cartilage that glides over the shoulder socket (also known as the “glenoid cavity”). The clavicle attaches the shoulder to the rib cage and holds the shoulder out from the body.
What is the function of the shoulder?
Anatomy and Function of the Shoulder. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint and has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. Because of this mobility, it is at risk for injury or degenerative problems. The bones of the shoulder are the humerus (upper arm bone), clavicle (collar bone), and scapula (shoulder blade).
Where is the clavicle located?
The scapula is a large triangular bone located on the back side of the upper body, and it is connected to the clavicle through the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.
What is the humerus on a tee?
In the shoulder socket, the humerus sits like a golf ball on a tee, supported by a complicated arrangement of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
What are the structures of the shoulder?
The shoulder has several other important structures: 1 The rotator cuff is a collection of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder, giving it support and allowing a wide range of motion. 2 The bursa is a small sac of fluid that cushions and protects the tendons of the rotator cuff. 3 A cuff of cartilage called the labrum forms a cup for the ball-like head of the humerus to fit into.
How to improve flexibility in shoulder?
Physical therapy: An exercise program can strengthen shoulder muscles and improve flexibility in the shoulder. Physical therapy is an effective, nonsurgical treatment for many shoulder conditions.
What causes a rotator cuff tear?
A rotator cuff tear may be a sudden injury, or result from steady overuse. Shoulder impingement: The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. If inflammation or an injury in the rotator cuff is present, this impingement causes pain.
What is shoulder bursitis?
Shoulder bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, the small sac of fluid that rests over the rotator cuff tendons. Pain with overhead activities or pressure on the upper, outer arm are symptoms.
What causes pain in the shoulder when lifting?
Shoulder impingement: The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. If inflammation or an injury in the rotator cuff is present, this impingement causes pain.
What is the largest joint in the body?
The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket. Other important bones in the shoulder include: The acromion is a bony projection off the scapula. The clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion in ...
What causes a popping sensation in the shoulder?
Shoulder dislocation: The humerus or one of the other bones in the shoulder slips out of position. Raising the arm causes pain and a "popping" sensation if the shoulder is dislocated. Shoulder tendonitis: Inflammation of one of the tendons in the shoulder's rotator cuff.
What is the structure of the shoulder joint?
Structures of the Shoulder Joint. Articulating Surfaces. The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of the scapula. This gives rise to the alternate name for the shoulder joint – the glenohumeral joint.
What is the name of the joint that forms the head of the humerus?
The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity (or fossa) of the scapula. This gives rise to the alternate name for the shoulder joint – the glenohumeral joint.
What is the subacromial bursa?
Subacromial – located deep to the deltoid and acromion, and superficial to the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule. The subacromial bursa reduces friction beneath the deltoid, promoting free motion of the rotator cuff tendons. Subacromial bursitis (i.e. inflammation of the bursa) can be a cause of shoulder pain.
What is the glenohumeral joint?
5.2 Rotator Cuff Tendonitis. The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is a ball and socket joint between the scapula and the humerus. It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk. It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability.
Which bursa reduces friction beneath the deltoid?
Subacromial – located deep to the deltoid and acromion, and superficial to the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule. The subacromial bursa reduces friction beneath the deltoid, promoting free motion of the rotator cuff tendons. Subacromial bursitis (i.e. inflammation of the bursa) can be a cause of shoulder pain.
Where is the joint capsule located?
It extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border or ‘rim’ of the glenoid fossa. The joint capsule is lax, permitting greater mobility (particularly abduction).
Which ligament runs between the acromion and coracoid process of the scapul?
The other major ligament is the coracoacromial ligament. Running between the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula it forms the coraco-acromial arch. This structure overlies the shoulder joint, preventing superior displacement of the humeral head.
Which muscles provide the shoulder with its characteristic contour?
The two most superficial muscles of the shoulder are the deltoid and the trapezius muscles. These muscles provide the shoulder with its characteristic contour.
What joint is associated with the shoulder girdle?
Glenohumeral joint. The glenohumeral joint is one of the joints associated with the shoulder girdle that allow a full range of movement of the upper limb . It is simply the articulation between the laterally projecting glenoid fossa (depression), or glenoid cavity, of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
What is the brachial plexus?
In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve. the axillary nerve.
Where does the brachial artery end?
It passes posterior to the pectoralis minor into the arm and becomes the brachial artery when it passes the inferior border of the teres major.
Where is the rotator cuff located?
Rotator cuff SITS on the shoulder. ( S upraspinatus, I nfraspinatus, T eres minor, S ubscapularis) Besides the rotator cuff, there are also other muscles that are important for the movements of the upper limb and are located in the region of the shoulder and arm: Teres major. Serratus anterior.
What is the region where the upper limb is attached to the trunk?
The shoulder is the region where the upper limb is attached to the trunk. The bones of the shoulder are:
Which bones articulate with the scapula?
The humerus is the bone of the arm that articulates with the scapula proximally and with the radius and the ulna distally. Immerse yourself with the following learning materials to learn everything about the bones of the arm. Humerus and scapula Explore study unit. Main bones of the upper limb Explore study unit.
